In re Ferro Contracting Co.
| Decision Date | 19 June 1967 |
| Docket Number | No. 16167.,16167. |
| Citation | 380 F.2d 116 |
| Parties | In the Matter of FERRO CONTRACTING CO., Inc., Bankrupt. Livingston National Bank, Appellant. |
| Court | U.S. Court of Appeals — Third Circuit |
Herman D. Michels, Newark, N. J. (Toner, Crowley, Woelper & Vanderbilt, Roger L. Toner, Roger M. Nelson, Newark, N. J., on the brief), for appellant.
Before KALODNER and SEITZ, Circuit Judges, and BODY, District Judge.
This appeal requires the resolution under New Jersey law of competing claims to the proceeds from the sale of certain assets of the bankrupt Ferro Contracting Co., Inc. The referee held that the assets in question were pieces of construction equipment and that therefore the Livingston National Bank (appellant herein) had secured a valid lien thereon by filing on June 19, 1963, a financing statement with the Secretary of State pursuant to the New Jersey Uniform Commercial Code, 12A N.J.S.A. 9-401(1) (c). The district court reversed, holding in favor of the trustee (appellee herein) that the assets were motor vehicles and that therefore the bank's lien was invalid because no certificate of ownership or statement of encumbrance had been filed with the county clerk or with the Director of Motor Vehicles pursuant to the New Jersey Motor Vehicle Certificate of Ownership Law, 39 N.J.S.A. 10-11, subd. C.1
The assets in dispute consisted of the following five items: a Michigan front end loader, three crawler tractor bulldozers, and a backhoe. These items were used by the bankrupt company in its construction business. It is agreed that the bank's lien in the amount of $17,577.15 is valid unless these assets are considered to be motor vehicles.2 Consequently, the controlling issue is whether the five items fall within the category of "motor vehicles" as used in the Certificate of Ownership Law.
There are apparently no New Jersey cases in which it was necessary to decide whether construction machinery is included within the meaning of "motor vehicle" as used in the Certificate of Ownership Law. Nor is there a consistent pattern in other areas of New Jersey law. For example, in National State Bank v. Rapp, 90 N.J.Super. 300, 217 A.2d 325 (1966), certif. granted, 47 N.J. 91, 219 A.2d 425 (1966), "motor vehicle" as used in the Garage Keepers and Automobile Repairmen's Act, 2A N.J.S.A. 44-20 et seq., was held to include a bulldozer similar to the ones involved in the present case. In contrast, Borough of Bogota v. Brewster Equip. Co., 83 N.J.Super. 586, 200 A.2d 629 (1964), seems to indicate that "motor vehicle" as used in 39 N.J. S.A. subtitle 1 does not include construction equipment, at least for personal property taxation purposes.
While there is thus no decisive New Jersey case law, a fairly specific statutory definition of "motor vehicle" can be found in title 39 which covers motor vehicles and traffic regulation generally. The Certificate of Ownership Law, chapter 10 in subtitle 2 of title 39, does not itself contain a definition of "motor vehicle". However, chapter 10 does include a definition of "new motor vehicle"3 which closely parallels the definition of "motor vehicle"4 in subtitle 1. Subtitle 1 also contains a definition of "vehicle".5 From these sources the following definition emerges: As used in the Certificate of Ownership Law, "motor vehicle" means every device in, upon or by which a person or property is or may be transported upon a highway, excepting all vehicles propelled by muscular power or used only upon rails or tracks.
It is obvious that the five assets here involved do not fall within the exception of "vehicles propelled by muscular power."6 As for the affirmative part of the definition of "motor vehicle", the lower court concluded that the assets in issue are devices "in, upon or by which a person or property is or may be transported upon a highway" because they "of necessity require the presence of a person aboard to operate" them and are "required to be licensed."
This conclusion of the district court is best analyzed in the light of the purposes of the Certificate of Ownership Law. The Supreme Court of New Jersey in National City Bank of New York v. Del Sordo, 16 N.J. 530, 109 A.2d 631 (1954), discussed this law at length. Citing the provision which indicates how the Law is to be interpreted,7 the Court concluded that consideration should be given "to the freedom of movement of and transfer of title to automobiles and the considerable volume of credit transactions associated therewith, as well as the motive to reduce thefts and to prevent frauds perpetrated upon individuals and finance companies in this connection." 109 A.2d 631, 639. These policy considerations seem to have little application to construction equipment. We therefore believe that the definition of "motor vehicle" was not intended to embrace machinery which normally operates at construction sites even though literally it perhaps can be used to transport persons on a highway.
Both the referee and the district court noted that after the present controversy arose the Certificate of Ownership Law was amended to exclude from its coverage every "nonconventional type motor vehicle" such as is here involved. The district court concluded that this amendment provides "some indication that the subject chattels would have been more specifically included originally within the definition of `motor vehicle' had the legislature foreseen the type question which exists in this case." However, we think it can be argued here with equal force that the recent amendment did no more than make clear the pre-existing legislative intent as to the scope of the Law.8
Accordingly, we conclude that the bank's lien was not subject to the filing requirements of the Certificate of Ownership Law and is therefore valid. In view of our conclusion we find it unnecessary to discuss other issues raised by the parties, including whether any weight should be given to the administrative interpretation which the chief of the Certificate of Ownership Bureau placed upon the term "motor vehicle".
One other matter requires our attention. The district court reversed the referee's award in the bank's favor of $250 for reasonable expenses incurred in picking up, servicing, and storing the construction equipment and of $1,015.00 for reasonable counsel fees. The district court stated that these expenses were not allowable because incurred after the bankruptcy petition had been filed on September 10, 1964. The trustee in its brief filed with us has urged that, in the event the bank's lien is upheld, "the extent and value of the services and expenses should be fixed and determined by the District Court, on remand." Having indicated in this opinion that the bank's lien is in fact valid, we must decide whether such a remand is required.
In the proceedings before the referee three affidavits were filed which described the collection services rendered for the bank. The trustee apparently made no challenge to the accuracy of these affidavits. We think that the...
To continue reading
Request your trial
-
Continental Vending Mach. Corp., In re
... ... See, e. g., In re Ferro Contracting Co., 380 F.2d 116 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, Barbato v. Livingston Nat. Bank, 389 U.S. 974, 88 S.Ct. 475, 19 L.Ed.2d 466 (1967); National ... ...
-
Atlanta Intern. Raceway, Inc., In re
...on enforcement efforts undertaken after the filing of the petition, in several straight bankruptcy proceedings. See In re Ferro Contracting Co., 3 Cir., 1967, 380 F.2d 116; In re American Motor Products Corporation, 2 Cir., 1938, 98 F.2d 774; In re Kashmir Refinishing Co., 2 Cir., 1938, 94 ......
-
In re United Merchants and Mfrs., Inc., 80 Civ. 2594.
... ... v. Zusmann (5th Cir. 1967) 379 F.2d 351, cert. denied, 389 U.S. 975, 88 S.Ct. 478, 19 L.Ed.2d 469; In re Ferro Contracting Co. (3d Cir. 1967) 380 F.2d 116, cert. denied sub nom. Barbato v. Livingston National Bank, 389 U.S. 974, 88 S.Ct. 475, 19 L.Ed.2d 466; ... ...
-
Ray v. City Bank & Trust Co. of Natchez, Mississippi
... ... See Uniform Commercial Code, Sections 9-301(1)(c); 9-302(1) (c); Strevell-Paterson Finance Co. v. May, 77 N.M. 331, 422 P.2d 366 (1967); Re Ferro Contracting Co., 380 F.2d 116 (C.A.3 1967), cert. den., Barbato v. Livingston Nat. Bank, 389 U.S. 974, 88 S.Ct. 475, 19 L.Ed.2d 466 (1967). See, ... ...