In re J.G. Furniture Group, Inc., 04-1576.

• Decision Date: 20 April 2005
• Docket Number: No. 04-1576.,04-1576.
• Parties: In Re: J.G. FURNITURE GROUP, INCORPORATED, d/b/a J.G./The Apollo Group, Incorporated, d/b/a Alma Furniture Group, Incorporated, d/b/a J.G./Alma, Debtor. Charles M. Ivey, III, Trustee for the bankruptcy estate of J.G. Furniture Group, Incorporated, Trustee-Appellant, v. Great-West Life & Annuity Insurance Company, Claimant-Appellee, and Triad Fabrications and Machine; Pifer Industries, Incorporated; Triangle Machine and Electronic Company, Creditors. American Home Assurance Company; The Travelers Indemnity Company, and its affiliates; Zurich American Insurance Company, Amici Supporting Appellee.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Fourth Circuit

405 F.3d 191

In Re: J.G. FURNITURE GROUP, INCORPORATED, d/b/a J.G./The Apollo Group, Incorporated, d/b/a Alma Furniture Group, Incorporated, d/b/a J.G./Alma, Debtor Charles M. Ivey, III, Trustee for the bankruptcy estate of J.G. Furniture Group, Incorporated, Trustee-Appellant, v. Great-West Life & Annuity Insurance Company, Claimant-Appellee, and Triad Fabrications and Machine; Pifer Industries, Incorporated; Triangle Machine and Electronic Company, Creditors American Home Assurance Company; The Travelers Indemnity Company, and its affiliates; Zurich American Insurance Company, Amici Supporting Appellee.

No. 04-1576.

United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit.

Argued: February 3, 2005.

Decided: April 20, 2005.

ARGUED: Charles M. Ivey, III, Ivey, McClellan, Gatton & Talcott, L.L.P., Greensboro, North Carolina, for Appellant. David Marion Warren, Poyner & Spruill, Rocky Mount, North Carolina, for Appellee. G. Eric Brunstad, Jr., Bingham McCutchen, L.L.P., Hartford, Connecticut, for Amici Curiae Supporting Appellee. ON BRIEF: John M. Blust, Ivey, McClellan, Gatton & Talcott, L.L.P., Greensboro, North Carolina, for Appellant. Deborah E. Sperati, Poyner & Spruill, Rocky Mount, North Carolina, for Appellee. Margaret M. Anderson, Hugh S. Balsam, Lord, Bissell & Brook, L.L.P., Chicago, Illinois, for Amici Curiae Supporting Appellee.

Before LUTTIG and MOTZ, Circuit Judges, and WILSON, United States District Judge for the Western District of Virginia, sitting by designation.

Affirmed by published opinion. Judge LUTTIG wrote the opinion, in which Judge MOTZ joined. Judge WILSON wrote a concurring opinion.

OPINION

LUTTIG, Circuit Judge:

Appellant-trustee Charles M. Ivey III appeals the district court's determination that claimant-appellee Great West Life & Annuity Insurance Company's claim against debtor J.G. Furniture Group, Inc. was entitled to priority status under 11 U.S.C. § 507(a)(4). For the reasons set forth below, we affirm the judgment of the district court.

I.

The facts in this case are undisputed. In 1996, J.G. Furniture entered into a contract with Great West, whereby Great West agreed to administer J.G. Furniture's self-funded employee benefit plan. J.A. 88-89. Under the terms of the agreement, J.G. Furniture's employees submitted their medical bills to Great West for payment, Great West then evaluated and paid the claims, and J.G. Furniture reimbursed Great West by permitting Great West to withdraw funds from an account set up by J.G. Furniture. J.A. 9, 89. In exchange for these services, J.G. Furniture paid Great West administrative fees.

In addition, in order to cap its potential liability, J.G. Furniture purchased "stop-loss" coverage from Great West. Under this coverage, Great West "could only be reimbursed for claims paid up to [J.G. Furniture's] maximum liability amount." J.A. 89. J.G. Furniture paid Great West a monthly premium for the stop-loss coverage.

In July of 1997, J.G. Furniture closed its Pennsylvania operations, moving all of its production activities to North Carolina. The Pennsylvania employees lost their jobs, but many of them "completed COBRA forms and sent payments to the Debtor in order to continue coverage" under J.G. Furniture's medical benefits plan administered by Great West. J.A. 89. On April 7, 1998, J.G. Furniture filed a voluntary petition under Chapter 7 of the United States Bankruptcy Code. Great West filed a claim for a combination of unpaid administrative fees, unpaid premiums, and unpaid medical claims, totaling $27,773.51. Notably, in the 180 days preceding J.G. Furniture's bankruptcy, only J.G. Furniture's former employees were insured through Great West. Great West successfully sought priority status for its claim pursuant to 11 U.S.C. § 507(a)(4) in the bankruptcy court. The district court affirmed and the instant appeal followed.

II.

Section 507(a)(4) affords "priority" to "unsecured claims for contributions to an employee benefit plan ... arising from services rendered within 180 days before the date of the filing of the petition or the date of the cessation of the debtor's business, whichever occurs first." 11 U.S.C. § 507(a)(4) & (A) (emphasis added) (internal divisions omitted). When the trustee brought this appeal, we had not addressed whether an insurance company could obtain priority under section 507(a)(4) for claims for unpaid premiums and fees, pertaining to an employee benefit plan, owed by a debtor-employer. In the interim, however, we decided Howard Delivery Service, Inc. v. Zurich American Ins. Co., 403 F.3d 228 (4th Cir.2005), where we held that an insurer was entitled to section 507(a)(4) priority status for unpaid worker's compensation insurance premiums owed by a debtor-employer. Howard Delivery held that worker's compensation plans fall within the meaning of "employee benefit plan," and that an employer's payment of insurance premiums constitutes a "contribution." While the instant case is for unpaid health insurance premiums and fees, "worker's compensation insurance is indistinguishable, under the Statute, from ...