In re Provan

• Decision Date: 15 June 1987
• Docket Number: BAP No. CC 86-1626,Bankruptcy No. LA82-18270 CA.
• Citation: 74 BR 717
• Parties: In re Michael J. PROVAN, aka Mike Provan, dba Savings & Loan Alert, fdba Davies, Provan & Oliver, fdba Anseth Holdings, Debtor/Appellant.
• Court: U.S. Bankruptcy Appellate Panel, Ninth Circuit

74 B.R. 717 (1987)

In re Michael J. PROVAN, aka Mike Provan, dba Savings & Loan Alert, fdba Davies, Provan & Oliver, fdba Anseth Holdings, Debtor/Appellant.

BAP No. CC 86-1626, Bankruptcy No. LA82-18270 CA.

United States Bankruptcy Appellate Panels of the Ninth Circuit.

Argued and Submitted February 18, 1987.

Decided June 15, 1987.

Gary Hill, Hill & Sandford, Santa Barbara, Cal., for Appellant.

Neil C. Evans, Reavis & McGrath, Los Angeles, Cal., for Appellees.

Before JONES, MOOREMAN and VOLINN, Bankruptcy Judges.

ROBERT CLIVE JONES, Bankruptcy Judge:

The debtor appeals the bankruptcy court's denial of his Application for an Order Deeming his Notice of Appeal Timely Filed. We affirm.

FACTS

Appellant Michael Provan, a Chapter 7 debtor, scheduled his interest in a pension plan as an exempt asset. Several creditors objected to the exemption and, after a hearing, the court denied the exemption by an order entered April 14, 1986. Provan timely filed a motion for reconsideration which the court denied by an order entered May 13.¹

Provan's counsel, David Landecker, claims that on May 19 he mailed a notice of appeal from the April 14 and May 13 orders to the bankruptcy court and to all interested parties. There is no record that the notice of appeal was ever filed. On May 28, Landecker mailed to the court a designation of record which was filed June 5. Landecker received a file stamped copy of the designation of record by return mail on June 10. On June 4, the Appellees, creditors of Provan, served on Landecker a designation of additional items to be included in the record on appeal. The bankruptcy court clerk's office subsequently informed Landecker that no notice of appeal had been filed.

On June 24, Provan filed in the bankruptcy court an Ex-Parte Application for Order Deeming Notice of Appeal to be Timely Filed (the "Application"). In support of the application, Landecker submitted a declaration containing the following statements:

Although I have no specific recollection, it would of course, be my practice to prepare an original and one copy, plus a confirmation copy and return envelope, to be filed with the Bankruptcy Court. I have no reason to believe that I did not do so in this case as my file only contains a copy of the pleading and the original is nowhere to be found. I am confident that the original was placed in an envelope, intended to be addressed to the Bankruptcy Court. The Notice of Appeal has not been returned to either my office or Hill & Sanford and I simply cannot explain what became of the document.

* * * * * *

I have had several conversations with various members of the Office of the Clerk of the Court to determine what became of the Notice of Appeal. It has not been located, however, I can only conclude that this is the result of an error ir sic omission by the post office, the clerk\'s office, or myself.

The court denied the Application concluding that it was without jurisdiction over the matter because the notice of appeal was not timely filed and no extension of time had been requested within 30 days after entry of the May 13 order. Provan timely filed the instant appeal.²

ISSUES

I. Whether the Application should initially have been heard by the Bankruptcy Court or by the Bankruptcy Appellate Panel.

II. Whether Provan is entitled to relief under the "unique circumstances" doctrine.

DISCUSSION

I.

Bankruptcy Rule 8002(a) provides that "the notice of appeal shall be filed with the clerk of the bankruptcy court within 10 days of the date of the entry of the judgment, order or decree appealed from."

Bankruptcy Rule 8002(c) provides:

"The bankruptcy court may extend the time for filing the notice of appeal by any party for a period not to exceed 20 days from the expiration of the time otherwise prescribed by this rule. A request to extend the time for filing a notice of appeal must be made before the time for filing a notice of appeal has expired, except that a request made no more than 20 days after the expiration of the time for filing a notice of appeal may be granted upon a showing of excusable neglect. . . . "

Timely filing of a notice of appeal is mandatory and jurisdictional. National Indus. Inc. v. Republic Nat'l Life Ins. Co., 677 F.2d 1258, 1263 (9th Cir.1982). "An untimely notice deprives the district court of jurisdiction to review the bankruptcy court's order or judgment." In re Ramsey, 612 F.2d 1220, 1222 (9th Cir.1980). The time limits for filing a notice of appeal are strictly construed and compulsorily applied. Id. at 1221-22.

Where a notice of appeal is not timely filed, however, there is jurisdiction to consider the appellant's arguments that the appeal should nevertheless be allowed to proceed. In Thompson v. I.N.S., 375 U.S. 384, 84 S.Ct. 397, 11 L.Ed.2d 404 (1964), the Court concluded that where the appellant could establish the existence of "unique circumstances", an otherwise untimely appeal could proceed. Id. at 387, 84 S.Ct. at 399. The ninth circuit has subsequently stated that "in light of Thompson, filing of the notice of appeal beyond the 30-day limit is not sufficient, in itself, to remove the jurisdiction of the district court." In re Butler's Tire & Battery Co., 592 F.2d 1028, 1032 (9th Cir.1979).

There is, therefore, jurisdiction to hear a "unique circumstances" argument when a notice of appeal is not timely filed. It is not clear, however, in which court the appellant's claim should first be considered. Generally, the issue of an untimely appeal is first raised in the appellate court by way of a motion to dismiss the appeal. See, e.g., National Industries, 677 F.2d at 1262. Moreover, the ninth circuit has implied that the appellate court has jurisdiction over such a claim. Butler's Tire, 592 F.2d at 1032 (untimely notice alone does not remove jurisdiction of district — i.e. appellate — court). Therefore, the appellate court is the appropriate forum for a unique circumstances argument. The trial court, however, may, in some instances, be in a better position to consider the issue initially because it is familiar with the parties, the case, local practices and the filing procedures in the clerk's office. See Willis v. Newsome, 747 F.2d 605 (11th Cir.1984) (case remanded to trial court to determine whether appellant relied upon trial court's representation regarding timeliness of notice). In light of these considerations, relief under the unique circumstances doctrine should initially be sought in the appellate court which, if necessary, may remand the case to the trial court for factual determinations.³

II.

Provan argues on appeal that the notice of appeal should be deemed timely filed because "unique circumstances" existed. The doctrine of unique circumstances was first announced in Harris Truck Lines v. Cherry Meat Packers, 371 U.S. 215, 83 S.Ct. 283, 9 L.Ed.2d 261 (1962), and has been applied in the ninth circuit. See National Industries, 677 F.2d at 1264; Butler's Tire, 592 F.2d at 1031-32. The doctrine is succinctly stated as follows:

Courts will permit an appellant to maintain an otherwise untimely appeal in unique circumstances in which the appellant reasonably and in good faith relied upon judicial action that indicated to the appellant that his assertion of his right to appeal would be timely, so long as the judicial action occurred prior to the

...