In re TL

Citation71 P.3d 43,2003 OK CIV APP 49
Decision Date29 April 2003
Docket NumberNo. 97,308.,97,308.
PartiesIn the Matter of T.L. and L.N., Deprived Children. State of Oklahoma, Plaintiff/Appellee, v. D.N., Natural Mother, Defendant/Appellant.
CourtUnited States State Court of Criminal Appeals of Oklahoma. Court of Civil Appeals of Oklahoma

Jeffery J. Sheridan, Assistant District Attorney, Muskogee, OK, for Plaintiff/Appellee.

J. Eric Jones, Muskogee, OK, for Defendant/Appellant.

Released for Publication by Order of the Court of Civil Appeals of Oklahoma, Division No. 2.

Opinion by JOE C. TAYLOR, Presiding Judge:

¶ 1 Natural mother, Debra Newton (Mother), seeks review of a judgment on a jury verdict terminating her parental rights to two minor children, T.L. and L.N. (Children). A third child, A.N., was originally a subject of this proceeding, but while the action was pending, reached the age of majority and has been dismissed from the case. The two issues raised by Mother on appeal are (1) whether the State of Oklahoma (State) presented evidence sufficient to sustain its burden of proving beyond a reasonable doubt that Mother's parental rights should be terminated; and (2) whether the trial court erred in admitting evidence concerning the conditions that existed when Children were adjudicated deprived. Based on our review of the record, the parties' briefs, and the applicable law, we answer the first question in the affirmative and the second in the negative. We find, however, the termination order is defective in that it does not contain certain mandatory findings required by Rule 8.2, Rules for District Courts of Oklahoma, 12 O.S.2001, ch. 2, app. We therefore affirm the judgment of termination but remand with instructions to enter a corrected final order that complies with Rule 8.2.

¶ 2 In July 1998, A.N., then age 16, T.L., age four, and L.N., age two, were taken into emergency protective custody based on allegations of sexual abuse of A.N., a genital injury to T.L., and general neglect and endangerment.1 State petitioned for adjudication of all three children as deprived on grounds that they did not receive proper parental care and guardianship, that their home was "filthy and unsafe for young children," and that the two youngest children appeared malnourished. The petition also alleged the rape of A.N., and the injury to T.L., and Mother's failure to protect the children. Mother stipulated to the allegations of the petition, and, in August 1998, the court entered an order adjudicating the children deprived. The Cherokee Nation later was permitted to intervene, and it is undisputed that Children are Indian children as defined by the Indian Child Welfare Act, 25 U.S.C. § 1903(4).

¶ 3 The Department of Human Services' (DHS) initial report to the court (and other reports thereafter) indicated Mother had "a history of living with abusive men" and that DHS had previously received referrals— some of which were confirmed, while others were ruled out—on the family. The initial report also stated Mother neglected the children, failed to protect them, and failed to provide proper medical care. It stated Mother was living with a female friend at the time of the report, and had not visited A.N. at all, but had regularly visited the two younger children, both of whom were (and are) in foster care.2

¶ 4 The court approved a treatment plan requiring Mother to provide a home free of physical, emotional, and sexual abuse; attend parenting skills classes and obtain certain psychological assessments and counseling; recognize and take care of the children's medical needs in a timely manner, including all immunizations; support the children financially; maintain a clean and safe home for at least six months; and provide adequate amounts of appropriate food for the children. Regular, periodic review hearings reiterated these requirements. It is undisputed that Mother was aware of these requirements and understood them.

¶ 5 In February 2000, at State's recommendation, the court found that efforts to reunite the family had failed. State filed a petition to terminate Mother's parental rights in January 2001, alleging Mother failed to correct the conditions leading to the adjudication of Children as deprived; she abandoned Children; she willfully failed to contribute to Children's support; Children had been in foster care for 15 of the most recent 22 months; and termination was in Children's best interests.

¶ 6 The matter was tried over a two-day period in July 2001. State called six witnesses, including a State DHS investigator whose investigation led to the children being removed from Mother's home in 1998; the children's primary DHS caseworker and permanency planning worker from Muskogee County; a DHS case and permanency planning worker from Sequoyah County, where Mother moved after leaving Muskogee County; a caseworker from the Cherokee Nation Indian Child Welfare Agency; and Children's current foster mother.

¶ 7 The testimony in general showed that Mother was very slow to initiate work on the requirements of her treatment plan after it was entered, and that she brought progress on the plan to a complete halt in November 1999 when she abruptly decided to move from Muskogee to Sequoyah County. Mother told caseworkers she made the move in order to get married and take care of her ill mother, but even assuming the truth of that rationale the move resulted in a dramatic decrease in her visitation with Children, as well as the loss of her job and discontinuation of the minimal individual counseling services in which she had participated up to that time. Further, within a few months of making the move, Mother and her new husband had separated, and Mother began living with another man in another town. Mother had had another child in May 1999, and the new child was with her as well.

¶ 8 By the time of trial, according to the testimony, Mother was living in a "one and one-half to two-bedroom" house littered with debris (inside and out) and shared by Mother, Mother's new boyfriend, Mother's own mother, Mother's brother, Mother's new baby, and A.N. (who, as previously noted, had reached age 18 and been dismissed from these proceedings). According to the DHS workers, not only were Mother's living accommodations inadequate and unsafe for the return of Children to Mother's care, but Mother had failed to complete almost all of the other requirements of her treatment plan. She had lived independently and supported herself for fewer than six weeks out of the previous three years. Moreover, according to a DHS court report and testimony by one of the workers, the one time Mother had been reunited with Children for more than just a few hours of visitation—during a two-week period when Mother was living at a county shelter after the new baby was born, and Children were also at the shelter because they were between foster homes— Mother complained about what a "handful" Children were and wondered how much longer it would be before they would be placed in another foster home.

¶ 9 The DHS caseworkers testified Mother was still living in substantially the same manner and engaging in substantially the same behavior that led to the adjudication of Children as deprived in 1998. They stated that returning Children to Mother's care was not in Children's best interests and recommended termination. A social worker from the Cherokee Nation who was involved in the case from its inception also testified that she had advised Mother on numerous occasions of the free or subsidized services available to Mother and encouraged Mother to pursue them, but that Mother had not followed the worker's advice or attempted to take advantage of any of the services until after State moved to terminate her parental rights. The Cherokee Nation worker also recommended that Mother's rights be terminated.

¶ 10 State rested after presenting its final witness, Children's foster mother, who testified that Children were doing well in her family's care, and that the foster family was willing to retain custody of Children. Mother demurred to State's evidence and moved to dismiss, which the trial court denied. Mother then rested without putting on any evidence. The jury returned a verdict making specific findings that Mother had failed to correct the conditions leading to the deprived adjudication; Mother had been given at least three months to correct the conditions but failed to do so; and termination of Mother's parental rights was in Children's best interests. The jury further determined that Children had been in foster care for 15 of the most recent 22 months, and that termination was in their best interests. The trial court entered judgment on the jury's verdict, and Mother appeals.

¶ 11 Because this is a case involving Indian children, the proceedings must comply with the provisions of both the federal ICWA, 25 U.S.C. §§ 1901 through 1963, and its Oklahoma counterpart, the Oklahoma ICWA, 10 O.S.2001 §§ 40 through 40.9. See In re J.W., 1987 OK CIV APP 60, 742 P.2d 1171

. Mother does not contend State failed to comply with these Acts. Rather, she alleges as error the trial court's failure to sustain Mother's demurrer to State's evidence as to the sufficiency of the evidence and as to the length of time Children had been in foster care before termination proceedings were filed. Mother also asserts the trial court erred by admitting evidence concerning the conditions existing when Children were taken into protective custody.

¶ 12 The statutory grounds for termination of parental rights are found at 10 O.S.2001 § 7006-1.1. Ordinarily, the State's burden is to prove one or more of these grounds by "clear and convincing" evidence. However, in ICWA cases, State must prove "beyond a reasonable doubt" that continued custody by the parent is likely to result in serious emotional or physical damage to the child. 25 U.S.C. § 1912(f); In re J.W., 1987 OK CIV APP 60, ¶ 15, ...

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