In re Van Shop, Inc., Adv. No. 80-0131

• Decision Date: 10 December 1980
• Docket Number: Adv. No. 80-0131,Debtor No. 80-00340.
• Citation: 8 BR 73
• Parties: In re The VAN SHOP, INC., Debtor. Philip R. JOELSON, Trustee in Bankruptcy, Plaintiff, v. BancOHIO NATIONAL BANK, Defendant.
• Court: U.S. Bankruptcy Court — Northern District of Ohio

8 B.R. 73 (1980)

In re The VAN SHOP, INC., Debtor Philip R. JOELSON, Trustee in Bankruptcy, Plaintiff, v. BancOHIO NATIONAL BANK, Defendant.

Adv. No. 80-0131, Debtor No. 80-00340.

United States Bankruptcy Court, N.D. Ohio, W.D.

December 10, 1980.

Philip R. Joelson, Toledo, Ohio, trustee.

Howard B. Hershman, Toledo, Ohio, for defendant.

MEMORANDUM AND ORDER

WALTER J. KRASNIEWSKI, Bankruptcy Judge.

This matter is before the Court on the Trustee's complaint for recovery of alleged preferential transfers received by BancOhio National Bank (Bank) as a result of two setoffs executed by the Bank on February 11 and 12, 1980. The Bank in its answer and trial brief claims the right of setoff, 11 U.S.C. § 553. In the setoff of February 12, the Bank attained the balance of the Van Shop Inc.'s (Debtor) checking account. When the improvement of position test of Section 553(b) is applied to this setoff the net insufficiency is $337.07. To this figure the parties are in agreement and the Bank concedes that this amount is owing to the Trustee. It is the insufficiency resulting from the setoff of February 11, 1980, which is at issue here. The parties agree to the facts and thus the matter is before the Court solely on the issues of law.

On February 11, 1980, the Bank setoff $1,048.86 from the account of Carol A. Clark (Clark). At that time Clark was President of the Debtor and was co-obligor with the Debtor on a promissory note held by the Bank. Both Clark and the Debtor were in default upon their obligation on February 11, and both had accounts at the Bank. Later in the year, March 10, the Debtor filed its voluntary Chapter 7 petition and the order for relief was entered. As of the date of the filing of the Debtor's petition, Clark had not nor has she since filed a petition in bankruptcy or had an involuntary petition filed against her. Philip R. Joelson was appointed Trustee at the creditors' meeting of March 31, 1980, and soon thereafter instituted this adversary proceeding to recover the insufficiency which arose out of the setoff of February 11, 1980.

ISSUE

Does 11 U.S.C. 553 empower the Trustee to recover money setoff by a creditor of the Debtor from the account of a co-obligor not in bankruptcy?

DISCUSSION OF LAW

Section 553 is derived from Section 68 of the Bankruptcy Act and with some changes preserves the right of setoff. One of these changes, which limits the right of setoff by allowing the Trustee to recover money setoff on or within 90 days before the date of the filing of the Debtor's petition, is contained in Section 553(b) which provides as follows:

"(b)(1) Except with respect to a setoff of a kind described in section 362(b)(6) or 365(h)(1) of this title, if a creditor offsets a mutual debt owing to the debtor against a claim against the debtor on or within 90 days before the date of the filing of the petition, then the trustee may recover from such creditor the amount so offset to the extent that any insufficiency on the date of such setoff is less than the insufficiency on the later of —

(A) 90 days before the date of the filing of the petition; and

(B) the first date during the 90 days immediately preceding the date of the filing of the petition on which there is an insufficiency.

(2) In this subsection, `insufficiency\' means amount, if any, by which a claim against the debtor exceeds a mutual debt owing to the debtor by the holder of such claim."

The limitations in the right to setoff "represents a decision by Congress to restrict the right of setoff and treat its exercise as a preference under certain limited circumstances". 4 Collier on Bankruptcy, 15th Ed., § 553.01 P. 553-6. (Footnote omitted). Even though a setoff is not technically a transfer under 11 U.S.C. 101(40), the basic purposes in allowing the Trustee to recover under Section 553(b) are the same as those of Section 547.

"The purpose of the preference section is twofold. First, by permitting the trustee to avoid prebankruptcy transfers that occur within a short period before bankruptcy, creditors are discouraged from racing to the courthouse to dismember the debtor during his slide into bankruptcy. * * * Second, and more important, the preference provisions facilitate the prime bankruptcy policy of equality of distribution among creditors of the debtor."

H.R.Rep.No.95-595, 95th Cong. 1st Sess. 177-78, reprinted in 1978 U.S.Code Cong. & Ad.News 5787, 5963, 6138. See S.Rep.No. 95-989, 95th Cong. 2d Sess. 97, reprinted in 1978 U.S.Code Cong. & Ad.News 5787, 5883. It is apparent that Congress has also adopted the improvement in position test of Section 553 from the test in Section 547(c). H.R.Rep.No.95-595, 95th Cong. 1st Sess. 185, reprinted in 1978 U.S.Code Cong. & Ad.News 6145. In the setoff situation the amount which is recoverable by the Trustee is actually a type of preferential transfer obtained by the creditor through a setoff.

While the present setoff appears to have reduced the total debt owed to the Bank and has therefore placed the Bank in a better...