In re Wisconsin Co-operative Milk Pool, 21329.
Decision Date | 27 November 1940 |
Docket Number | No. 21329.,21329. |
Parties | In re WISCONSIN CO-OPERATIVE MILK POOL. |
Court | U.S. District Court — Eastern District of Wisconsin |
Vernon Swanson, Bert Vandervelde, and Miller, Mack and Fairchild, all of Milwaukee, Wis., for creditors.
William H. Riley, of Madison, Wis. (Kenneth M. Orchard, of Madison, Wis., of counsel), for bankrupt.
Creditors of the Wisconsin Co-operative Milk Pool have filed a petition in this court asking that the Milk Pool be adjudicated an involuntary bankrupt. This co-operative association (hereinafter for convenience referred to as the "Milk Pool" or "Pool") was organized under Chapter 185 of the Wisconsin Statutes, to operate on a nonstock, nonprofit basis.
The question raised by the answer of the alleged bankrupt and now here for decision is whether under the Bankruptcy Act this nonprofit co-operative association is amenable to adjudication as an involuntary bankrupt.
Section 4 of the Bankruptcy Act, 11 U.S.C.A. § 22, provides: "Who may become bankrupts. * * * b. Any natural person, except a wage earner or farmer, and any moneyed, business, or commercial corporation, except a building and loan association, a municipal, railroad, insurance, or banking corporation, owing debts to the amount of $1,000 or over, may be adjudged an involuntary bankrupt * * *."
Whether such a co-operative association as here involved may be adjudicated bankrupt upon petition of its creditors has been before the courts for decision several times, and there is a sharp conflict in the conclusions which have been reached.1 In view of this conflict of authority, a close examination and analysis should be made to determine the intention of Congress and this in turn involves an analysis of the type of association here involved.
Membership in the Milk Pool is acquired by a dairy farmer executing a membership contract which in effect designates the Pool as the exclusive marketing agent of the member. The Pool also markets the products of patrons who are not members of the Pool. However, 65% of the patrons of the Milk Pool are active members thereof.
The formation and development of co-operatives for the marketing of agricultural commodities has been encouraged both by state and federal laws. It was generally recognized that the marketing of agricultural products was one of the most difficult problems with which farmers of this country had to contend. The spread in price between what the farmer received for his products and the amount that the consumer paid was so large that both state legislatures and Congress have given consideration to the problem of simplifying the marketing of agricultural products. Wisconsin was one of the leading states to pass laws to authorize and encourage co-operatives, and it may be said that co-operative associations for the marketing of agricultural products have a favored status under both the federal laws and the laws of Wisconsin. As an illustration, the federal income tax law exempts them.2 The Supreme Court of the United States has stated3:
The Supreme Court of Wisconsin has said4: "* * * this court has definitely held that agriculture cooperatives are favored in the law * * *."
The Wisconsin Statutes likewise show that special considerations have been extended to agricultural co-operatives. A special liquidation proceeding has been provided in the state courts.5 If any corporation discriminates against a co-operative, its charter may be annulled if it is a domestic corporation or its license revoked if it be a foreign corporation.6 In order to hold the association together, membership contracts are enforceable against the member by restraining order and injunction.7 To insure control by patron members, each member has but one vote.8 Likewise the vote of a stockholder may be forfeited by loss of membership.9 The legislative policy of the state is expressly set forth in the statutes10:
The Wisconsin Supreme Court recognized the soundness of this policy when it stated11: "It was for the purpose of encouraging efforts to bring about more direct marketing methods, thus benefiting both producer and consumer, and thereby promoting the general interest and the public welfare, that the legislation was enacted."
In Section 4, sub. b, Congress declared that certain kinds of moneyed, business, or commercial corporations are not subject to involuntary bankruptcy. It did not enumerate the types of nonprofit organizations which would be exempt because it was undoubtedly the intention to permit the states to define what such a nonprofit organization might be. The Circuit Court of Appeals of the 2nd Circuit in a case concerned with the definition of an insurance company under Section 4, sub. b, said12:
And further in the opinion, the court said (75 F.2d at page 985):
The Milk Pool was engaged in business pursuits, but that does not necessarily prove that the Pool was a business or commercial corporation. A hospital charges for the services which it renders, but it may remain a nonprofit institution. An eleemosynary institution may carry on many business activities incidental to its main purpose, and no one would contend that it thereby became a business, moneyed, or commercial corporation. The Pool did receive an income from various sources, but such income was not necessarily a "profit" in the ordinary sense of the word. The Milk Pool did not purchase the products of its members or patrons; it acted as their marketing agent. It was the...
To continue reading
Request your trial-
Farmers Cooperative Co. v. Birmingham
...Commission, supra. The United States Courts of Appeal for the Sixth and Seventh Circuits in the cases of In re Wisconsin Cooperative Milk Pool, D.C. E.D. Wis.1940, 35 F.Supp. 787, reversed 7 Cir., 1941, 119 F.2d 999, certiorari denied Wisconsin Co-op. Milk Pool v. First Wisconsin Nat. Bank ......
-
Pure Milk Products Co-op. v. National Farmers Organization
...Milk Producers Co-Operative Assoc. v. Van Camp Packing Co. (1929), 199 Wis. 379, 225 N.W. 209, 226 N.W. 378; In re Wisconsin Co-Operative Milk Pool (D.C.Wis.1940), 35 F.Supp. 787.22 (1958), Ohio Com.Pl., 77 Ohio Law Abst. 275, 147 N.E.2d 512.23 Supra, footnote 21, at page 388, 225 N.W. at p......
-
In re Fidelity Assur. Ass'n
...right to file a petition for corporate reorganization. In re Supreme Lodge of Masons Annuity, D.C., 286 F. 180; In re Wisconsin Co-operative Milk Pool, D.C., 35 F.Supp. 787; In re Prudence Company, 2 Cir., 1935, 79 F.2d 77; Finletter, The Law of Bankruptcy Reorganization (1939) p. 107; Capi......
-
In re International Underwriters
...of Masons Annuity, D.C., 286 F. 180; In re Roumanian Workers Educational Ass'n of America, 6 Cir., 108 F.2d 782; In re Wisconsin Co-op Milk Pool, D.C., 35 F. Supp. 787. The better rule is that, in determining the amenability of a corporation to bankruptcy, the Court considers the classifica......