Independent Harvester Co. v. Tinsman

• Decision Date: 06 September 1918
• Docket Number: 2558.
• Citation: 253 F. 935
• Parties: INDEPENDENT HARVESTER CO. v. TINSMAN.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Seventh Circuit

253 F. 935

INDEPENDENT HARVESTER CO. v. TINSMAN.

No. 2558.

United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit.

September 6, 1918

Charles S. Burton, of Chicago, Ill., for appellant.

Charles C. Bulkley, of Chicago, Ill., for appellee.

Before BAKER and EVANS, Circuit Judges.

BAKER Circuit Judge.

This appeal challenges a final decree based on a ruling that appellant's bill failed to state a cause of action in equity.

A brief outline will suffice for a background against which to consider the points of assault.

In November, 1909, Tinsman represented to Thompson appellant's president, that Tinsman had invented a new cultivator, that he was thoroughly versed in the cultivator art, and that his invention could be patented and could be fully used without infringing any subsisting patents. Thompson was inexpert and without knowledge or information respecting the state of the art, so informed Tinsman, and Thompson relied upon Tinsman's representations, as Tinsman knew, in entering into a written contract for the invention and Tinsman's services in making a commercial embodiment. Under the contract appellant paid Tinsman $500 and gave him seven notes for $1,000 each, payable one a year for seven years. In 1904 Tinsman took out a cultivator patent, which prevented the use of his 1909 improvements. This 1904 patent Tinsman had sold and assigned to others before he came to Thompson. Three additional prior patents also prevented the free manufacture and sale of the cultivator that Tinsman was building for appellant. Before appellant learned these facts two notes were paid and suit was started on the third. Prayer was for rescission restoration of consideration paid, and injunction against prosecution of the suit on the third note. By a supplemental bill appellant showed that pending this suit Tinsman had obtained judgment in the suit on the third note, and prayed that he be enjoined from taking out execution thereon.

1. Appellee says that statements respecting infringement are only expressions of opinion, as this court ought to know from its experience in patent cases. No matter how difficult it may be from the evidence in patent cases, courts are forced to make a finding of fact with respect to infringement. Appellee, however, was free to limit himself to an expression of opinion; but, according to the bill, he made representations of fact regarding the place of his 1909 improvements in the cultivator art.

2. What is the effect of the stated fact that judgment has been entered upon the third note? As to the cause of action based upon that note all issues are closed, not only those that were actually litigated, but also those that might have been. But fraud as a ground for rescission of the contract is a different cause of action, and the judgment on the note is not an estoppel against counting on fraud in procuring the contract unless that issue was actually litigated in the suit on the note. And the bill does not disclose that it was. Packet Co. v. Sickles, 24 How. 333, 16 L.Ed. 650; Davis v. Brown, 94 U.S. 423, 24 L.Ed. 204; Cromwell v. County of Sac, 94 U.S. 351, 24 L.Ed 681; Chemical Co. v. Kirven, 215 U.S. 252, 30 Sup.Ct. 78, 54 L.Ed. 179.

3. Appellee contends that laches is a bar. In Maine, where appellant was and is located, and where the contract was made and to be performed, six years is the period after which actions at law or in equity on account of fraud shall not be commenced. R.S. Me. c. 83, Sec. 99. And in Illinois, where appellee is a citizen and resident, and where he is being sued, the limitation is five years. R.S. Ill. par. 7217, Sec 22. Time does not begin to run until the fraud has been, or might with diligence have been, discovered. Kirby v. Lake Shore, etc., Ry. Co., 120 U.S. 130, 7 Sup.Ct. 430, 30 L.Ed. 569; Bailey v. Glover, 21 Wall. 342, 22 L.Ed. 636. As the bill was filed within a few months after the fraud was discovered, and within less than five years after the representations were made, the suggestion of laches, in the absence...