INTERNATIONAL ASS'N OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS v. TWA, INC., Civ. A. No. 86-1912

• Court: United States District Courts. United States District Court (Columbia)
• Citation: 654 F. Supp. 447
• Decision Date: 18 February 1987
• Parties: INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS, AFL-CIO, Plaintiff, v. TRANS WORLD AIRLINES, INC., Defendant. TRANS WORLD AIRLINES, INC., et al., Plaintiffs, v. NATIONAL MEDIATION BOARD, International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers, AFL-CIO, Defendants.
• Docket Number: 86-2980.,Civ. A. No. 86-1912

654 F. Supp. 447

INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS, AFL-CIO, Plaintiff,
v.
TRANS WORLD AIRLINES, INC., Defendant.
TRANS WORLD AIRLINES, INC., et al., Plaintiffs,
v.
NATIONAL MEDIATION BOARD, International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers, AFL-CIO, Defendants.

Civ. A. Nos. 86-1912, 86-2980.

United States District Court, District of Columbia.

February 18, 1987.

654 F. Supp. 448

COPYRIGHT MATERIAL OMITTED

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Joseph Guerrieri, Jr., John A. Edmond, Guerrieri & Sweeney, Washington, D.C., for plaintiff

Eric Rosenfeld, Ronald A. Lindsay, Seyfarth, Shaw, Fairweather & Geraldson, Washington, D.C., for defendant.

Michael E. Avakian, Washington, D.C., V. Scott Kneese, Dennis Childs, Bracewell & Patterson, Houston, Tex., Robert F. Gore, Springfield, Va., for Deborah K. Boller and Thomas R. Rhoades.

Joseph Guerrieri, Jr., John A. Edmond, Guerrieri & Sweeney, Washington, D.C., Jeffrey P. Manners, Houston, Tex., for International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers, AFL-CIO.

Wilma B. Liebman, International Brotherhood of Teamsters, Washington, D.C., for International Brotherhood of Teamsters.

Scott A. Raisher, Jolly, Walsh, Hager & Gordon, Kansas City, Mo., Marvin Peterson, Houston, Tex., for the International Federation of Flight Attendants.

Eric Rosenfeld, Seyfarth, Shaw, Fairweather & Geraldson, New York City, Ronald A. Lindsay, David A. Copus, Washington, D.C., Graham Kerin Blair, Brendan D. Cook, Houston, Tex., for Trans World Airlines, Inc.

MEMORANDUM

OBERDORFER, District Judge.

These two consolidated cases concern union representation of the passenger service employees of Trans World Airlines, Inc. ("TWA"). In Civil Action No. 86-1912, the International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers ("IAM") seeks an order requiring TWA to commence bargaining over the wages, rules, and working conditions of the TWA passenger service employees and enjoining TWA from altering the wages, rules, and working conditions that obtained on May 23, 1986. On that date the National Mediation Board ("NMB") certified the IAM as the bargaining representative for TWA's passenger service employees. In Civil Action No. 86-2960, which was originally filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas, the plaintiffs, including TWA and several individual passenger service employees, seek to set aside the NMB certification. That suit was transferred to this Court from the Texas Court on August 29, 1986.¹

I.

The sole issue in Civil Action No. 86-2980 and a threshhold question in Civil Action No. 86-1912 is whether this Court should vacate the NMB certification of the IAM as the representative of the TWA passenger service employees. The focus of this issue is the NMB decision to exclude from the representation election TWA passenger service employees who were serving as flight attendants at the time of the election while the regular flight attendants participated in a strike called by the Independent Federation of Flight Attendants ("IFFA").

By a telegram dated February 12, 1986, the NMB authorized a mail ballot election of TWA's passenger service employees. Three unions participated in the election, the IAM, the IFFA and the International Brotherhood of Teamsters ("Teamsters"). The NMB mailed its ballots on March 28, 1986, and scheduled the vote count for April 28, 1986. Trans World Airlines, Inc., 13 NMB 210 (1986). On April 22,

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1986, the Teamsters requested that the voting period be extended for two weeks unless the Board deleted from the eligibility lists former passenger service employees who were then employed during an IFFA strike as TWA flight attendants. Representatives of all three unions and TWA met with NMB mediator Joseph Anderson on April 25, 1986, to review the list of eligible voters. A further meeting was held on April 28, 1986. On that date, Mediator Anderson determined that employees working as strike replacements for TWA flight attendants were eligible voters in the passenger service employees' representation election. The Teamsters appealed this determination and the ballots were impounded pending the resolution of the appeal. The Board issued its written decision on May 13, 1986, holding that employees who were working as "contingent flight attendants" were ineligible to vote within the craft or class of passenger service employees. See Trans World Airlines, Inc., 13 NMB 210, 216 (1986). A May 14, 1986 motion for reconsideration of this decision filed by TWA was denied by the Board on May 15, 1986. The next day, the Board counted the mail ballots and on May 23, 1986, it announced that a majority of eligible voters had voted for a union and that the IAM had received a majority of the pro-union votes.² 13 NMB 237 (1986). Accordingly, the Board certified the IAM as the authorized representative of the passenger service employees. Id. at 238

It has been established for over 20 years that courts have no authority to review NMB certification decisions in the absence of a showing on the face of the pleadings that the certification decision was a gross violation of the Railway Labor Act or that it violated the constitutional rights of an employer, employee or union. Brotherhood of Ry. and S.S. Clerks v. Association for the Benefit of Non-Contract Employees, 380 U.S. 650, 658-60, 661-2, 85 S.Ct. 1192, 1196-97, 1198, 14 L.Ed.2d 133 (1965) ("Railway Clerks"); Switchmen's Union of North America v. National Mediation Board, 320 U.S. 297, 303, 64 S.Ct. 95, 98, 88 L.Ed. 61 (1943) ("Switchmen's Union"); International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers v. National Mediation Board, 425 F.2d 527, 536 (D.C.Cir. 1970); International Brotherhood of Teamsters v. Brotherhood of Ry. Airline and S.S. Clerks, 402 F.2d 196, 205 (D.C. Cir.) cert. denied, 393 U.S. 848, 89 S.Ct. 135, 21 L.Ed.2d 119 (1968) ("IBT v. BRAC").

Despite the assiduous efforts of their counsel, plaintiffs have failed to demonstrate either a gross violation of the Act or any violation of the Constitution. Plaintiffs' attempts to characterize this case as one where the NMB has failed to perform its statutory duty to "investigate" a representation dispute are not persuasive. See Section 2, Ninth of the Railway Labor Act, 45 U.S.C. § 152, Ninth. For example, TWA purports to find a violation of this statutory obligation to "investigate" in its discovery that some documents which it believes should be in the NMB's file are not there. In addition, the plaintiffs allege that the NMB's determination regarding the contingent flight attendants was erroneous and that the NMB therefore could not have "investigated" the dispute.

There is authority for judicial intervention where the NMB certified a union solely on the basis of signature cards authorizing an election and then refused to investigate the ensuing dispute, International In-Flight Catering Co. v. National Mediation Board, 555 F.2d 712, 718 (9th Cir. 1977), and where the NMB refused to investigate an individual's application to represent some fellow employees, Russell v. National Mediation Board, 714 F.2d 1332 (5th Cir.1983), cert. denied, 467 U.S. 1204, 104 S.Ct. 2385, 81 L.Ed.2d 344 (1984). Here, it is undisputed that NMB investigated the representation dispute among TWA's passenger service employees and conducted a mail ballot election. Moreover, the Board also "investigated" the eligibility

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dispute and issued a written opinion which was based on NMB precedent. See Chicago and North Western Ry. Company, 4 NMB 240 (1965); Trans World Airways, Inc., 8 NMB 663 (1981). TWA can not therefore evade the strictures against judicial review of NMB certification decisions by characterizing its complaint about the substance of the Board's decision as a "failure to investigate" claim

The claims of the individual plaintiffs are no more substantial than those of TWA. These plaintiffs were passenger service employees who responded to TWA's call for volunteers while the permanent flight attendants were on strike and who were still serving as flight attendants when this disputed election occurred. The NMB decision to treat the contingent flight attendants as flight attendants rather than as passenger service employees simply does not inflict injury of a gross or constitutional dimension. Nor is there any merit in these plaintiffs assumption that they would have been ineligible to vote as flight attendants where, as here, the NMB never precluded such participation, and there is no showing that the plaintiffs endeavored to participate in Independent Federation of Flight Attendant affairs. The foregoing disposes of any glimmering claim of plaintiffs that the NMB impaired their First Amendment associational rights. TWA invited the individual plaintiffs to serve as flight attendants and they voluntarily accepted. NMB had no role in the individual plaintiffs serving as flight attendants so that there is no basis for a contention that NMB has any responsibility for plaintiffs being flight attendants at the time of this election for passenger service employees. Nor did the NMB interfere with plaintiffs' associational rights when it determined that plaintiffs' voting rights followed their voluntary change in jobs.

Both TWA and the individual plaintiffs allege that the NMB acted on the basis of an impermissible pro-union bias when it made its decision regarding the contingent flight attendants.³ It is unclear whether a proven instance of "non-neutrality" would constitute a gross violation of a specific provision of the Railway Labor Act or would be sufficient to transform a disagreement about a Board decision into a constitutional claim. There is no occasion to decide that question, however, because the plaintiffs have failed to proffer any substantial evidence to support this claim. In the absence of such a proffer, they have not demonstrated an error that is "obvious on the face of...