International Harvester Company v. Kansas City

• Decision Date: 11 September 1962
• Docket Number: No. 6940.,6940.
• Citation: 308 F.2d 35
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Tenth Circuit
• Parties: INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER COMPANY, a corporation; Phillips Petroleum Company, a corporation; De Luxe Check Printers, Incorporated, a corporation; Sunshine Biscuit Company, Inc., a corporation; Sealright-Oswego Falls Corporation, a corporation; and Jones & Laughlin Steel Corporation, a corporation, Appellants, v. The City of KANSAS CITY, Kansas, a municipal corporation; Robert J. Foster, County Attorney of Wyandotte County, Kansas; James L. Conroy, County Clerk of Wyandotte County, Kansas; and The Board of County Commissioners of the County of Wyandotte Kansas, Appellees.

308 F.2d 35 (1962)

INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER COMPANY, a corporation; Phillips Petroleum Company, a corporation; De Luxe Check Printers, Incorporated, a corporation; Sunshine Biscuit Company, Inc., a corporation; Sealright-Oswego Falls Corporation, a corporation; and Jones & Laughlin Steel Corporation, a corporation, Appellants, v. The City of KANSAS CITY, Kansas, a municipal corporation; Robert J. Foster, County Attorney of Wyandotte County, Kansas; James L. Conroy, County Clerk of Wyandotte County, Kansas; and The Board of County Commissioners of the County of Wyandotte Kansas, Appellees.

No. 6940.

United States Court of Appeals Tenth Circuit.

August 15, 1962.

Rehearing Denied September 11, 1962.

Leonard O. Thomas, Kansas City, Kan. (J. Donald Lysaught, Kansas City, Kan., and Ervin G. Johnson, Wichita, Kan., and Stanley, Schroeder, Weeks, Thomas & Lysaught, Kansas City, Kan., of counsel, were with him on the brief) for appellants.

J. W. Mahoney, Asst. City Atty. (C. W. Brennelsen, Jr., City Atty., Kansas City, Kan., was with him on the brief) for appellees.

Before PHILLIPS, PICKETT and LEWIS, Circuit Judges.

LEWIS, Circuit Judge.

This suit was brought by corporate property owners within an area known as Fairfax Industrial District, which lies between Kansas City, Kansas, and the Missouri River, to have declared invalid an annexation ordinance. The plaintiffs claimed federal jurisdiction on the basis of diversity of citizenship¹ and violation of their rights under the fourteenth amendment to the United States Constitution.² It is asserted and not contested that the pecuniary repercussions of the annexation will amount to more than $10,000 in taxes assessed against each of the plaintiffs.

The trial court dismissed the action upon the grounds that plaintiffs, under Kansas law, had no capacity to maintain the action and had presented no justiciable question under federal law.

Although plaintiffs' complaint seeks multiple and varied relief and their appellate approach to the issues is equally broad we think the determinative questions can be simply stated thus: Under Kansas law, is it the duty of a county attorney to initiate judicial proceedings questioning the validity of a municipal annexation ordinance when demand upon him to do so is made by a property owner within the annexed area? Can such property owner, under Kansas law, attack the validity of an annexation ordinance upon allegation that the county attorney arbitrarily refuses to act? And finally, do the Kansas procedures pertaining to judicial review of the validity of annexation ordinances, viewed against the factual background of the case, amount to a denial of due process under federal law?

The Board of City Commissioners of the City of Kansas City passed the questioned ordinance, No. 41525, in 1958. The then county attorney, Martin, commenced an original proceeding in the District Court of Kansas in the nature of quo warranto to test the validity of the ordinance under General Statutes of Kansas 1949, 13-1602, but while the action was still pending he was succeeded in office by the appellee Foster. The attorney general of Kansas later intervened in the case, superseded the county attorney as the representative of the state, and moved to dismiss the proceeding because of the expense of this and prior litigation upon the problem (State ex rel. Fatzer v. City of Kansas City, 169 Kan. 702, 222 P.2d 714; State ex rel. Martin v. City of Kansas City, 181 Kan. 870, 317 P.2d 806) and in the public interest. The motion of the attorney general was granted and the proceeding was dismissed. State ex rel. Foster v. City of Kansas City, 186 Kan. 190, 350 P.2d 37. Two of the present appellants there sought leave to intervene as did Quindaro township, which had claimed the area within its domain, but were denied the right to proceed.

After an unsuccessful attempt to obtain a Writ of Certiorari from the United States Supreme Court, Girten Investment Co. v. Kansas ex rel. Anderson, 363 U.S. 831, 80 S.Ct. 1598, 4 L.Ed.2d 1525, demand was made upon Foster to initiate further proceedings and, upon refusal, this action was filed in the United States District Court for the District of Kansas.

Case law in Kansas has firmly established the rule that the validity of a municipal annexation ordinance can be tested only by the state acting through one of its proper officers. In Smith v. City of Emporia, 168 Kan. 187, 211 P.2d 101, 13 A.L.R.2d 1272, a private citizen sought relief against an annexation ordinance of the City of Emporia. After an exhaustive review of Kansas cases the Supreme Court of that state held that the plaintiff lacked capacity to sue. Similarly, in Lampe v. City of Leawood, 170 Kan. 251, 225 P.2d 73, it is stated:

"* * * in this jurisdiction actions to inquire into the validity of the proceedings creating a municipal corporation, or modifying its boundaries, cannot be maintained by a private individual. They can be prosecuted only by the State acting through one of its proper officers, such as the county attorney or the attorney general. * * *"

Appellants would distinguish these authorities and hold them inapplicable because of allegations in the case at bar that demand was made upon the county attorney to institute an action, that the county attorney refused, and the additional claim that such refusal was arbitrary. We see no merit to these contentions.

Quo warranto proceedings are an exclusive remedy to test the city's exercise of its purportedly granted powers in Kansas and traditionally assert the interests of the sovereign in preventing the invasion of its prerogatives. In such an action, the state is the plaintiff and the county attorney and attorney general seek only the vindication of the rights of the state, State ex rel. Mitchell v. Sage Stores Co., 157 Kan. 622, 143 P.2d 652, aff'd. 323 U.S. 32, 65 S.Ct. 9, 89 L.Ed. 25.

The power to institute such an action is one of discretion not compulsion and the proper public official has the duty not to prosecute an unmeritorious action. State ex rel. Foster v. City of Kansas City, Kansas, 186 Kan. 190, 350 P.2d 37. If simple demand by a taxpayer would change this rule the responsibility of public officials would be meaningless. It is true that in Bobbett v. State ex rel. Dresher, 10 Kan. 9 (1872) there appears dicta to the effect that an individual may compel or control quo warranto proceedings where he holds a particular (though undefined) right independently of that which he holds as a member of a public class. Such interest, however, cannot be that of citizen, resident or taxpayer nor, indeed, even a claimant for tort...