International Truck and Engine Corp. v. Quintana

• Decision Date: 29 April 2003
• Docket Number: No. CIV.A.3.02-CV-168-L.,CIV.A.3.02-CV-168-L.
• Citation: 259 F.Supp.2d 553
• Parties: INTERNATIONAL TRUCK AND ENGINE CORPORATION and International Truck Intellectual Property Co., LLC, Plaintiffs, v. Ellas QUINTANA, Individually and d/b/a International Bus & Coach and International Bus & Coach, Defendants.
• Court: U.S. District Court — Northern District of Texas

259 F.Supp.2d 553

INTERNATIONAL TRUCK AND ENGINE CORPORATION and International Truck Intellectual Property Co., LLC, Plaintiffs, v. Ellas QUINTANA, Individually and d/b/a International Bus & Coach and International Bus & Coach, Defendants.

No. CIV.A.3.02-CV-168-L.

United States District Court, N.D. Texas, Dallas Division.

April 29, 2003.

COPYRIGHT MATERIAL OMITTED

Raymond P. Niro, Sr., Niro Scavone Haller & Niro, Chicago, IL, Jonathan T. Suder, Friedman Suder & Cooke, Fort Worth, TX, for plaintiffs.

ORDER

LINDSAY, District Judge.

Before the court are Defendants' Motion For Stay of Proceedings, filed January 14, 2003; and Defendants' Motion to Dismiss for Lack of Personal Jurisdiction and Improper Venue, or For a Change of Venue, filed February 6, 2003. After careful consideration of the motions, responses, replies, evidence, and the applicable authorities, the court denies Defendants' Motion for Stay of Proceedings, and denies Defendants' Motion to Dismiss for Lack of Personal Jurisdiction and Improper Venue, or For a Change of Venue.

I. Background

This is an action for unfair competition, trademark infringement and dilution and is brought pursuant to federal and state law. Plaintiff International Truck and Engine Corporation ("INTEC") is a Delaware corporation with its principal place of business in Warrenville, Illinois. INTEC does business in this judicial district through its Parts Distribution Center and Used Truck Center, both of which are located in Dallas, Texas. Plaintiff International Truck Intellectual Property Company, LLC ("INTIP") is an Illinois limited liability company and wholly owned subsidiary of INTEC. Defendant International Bus & Coach ("IBC") is a used bus sales company having its principal place of business in Fort Gibson, Oklahoma. Defendant Elias Quintana ("Quintana") is an individual residing in Fort Gibson, Oklahoma, and the sole proprietor of IBC^*

Plaintiffs have been in the school bus transportation industry since 1907, and are currently the leading seller of school bus products. Plaintiffs own all rights, title and interests in the trademark and trade name "INTERNATIONAL," and have spent millions of dollars in advertising and promoting school bus products under that mark and name. Plaintiffs allege that Defendants have been unlawfully using the INTERNATIONAL trademark and name in connection with their school bus business, and that such use creates the false and misleading impression that Defendants are approved, sponsored or affiliated with Plaintiffs.

On January 24, 2002, Plaintiffs filed this lawsuit against Defendant IBC, alleging unfair competition, trademark infringement, and dilution under the Lanham Act, 15 U.S.C. § 1051, et seq., common law unfair competition and trademark infringement, and violation of the Texas Antidilution Act, Tex. Bus. & Comm.Code Ann. § 16.29. Defendants now move to dismiss this action for lack of personal jurisdiction and improper venue pursuant to Fed. R.Civ.P. 12(b)(2) and (3), or in the alternative, for a change of venue pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1404(a).

II. Analysis

A. Defendants' Motion to Dismiss for Lack of Personal Jurisdiction

Before turning to the merits of Defendants' motion, the court addresses Plaintiffs' contention that Defendants have waived any right to challenge personal jurisdiction. Plaintiffs contend that because Defendants did not challenge personal jurisdiction in their motion to dismiss for improper venue, filed on May 29, 2002, they have waived any right to assert it now. Defendants respond that they have not waived their right to challenge the court's personal jurisdiction because its earlier venue motion was not limited to the issue of venue. They further contend that the parties stipulated in their Agreed Protective Order for Confidential Information that Defendants did not waive any right to challenge personal jurisdiction.

While it is true that Defendants did not expressly challenge personal jurisdiction in their earlier filed venue motion (filed May 30, 2002), or assert in the parties' Joint Status Report that they were challenging personal jurisdiction, the issue was initially raised in IBC's motion to dismiss, which was filed on March 6, 2002, in response to Plaintiffs' Original Complaint. The motion challenged the court's jurisdiction over IBC; however, the arguments were intended to equally apply to Quintana. Throughout this litigation, Quintana has represented that the company is a sole proprietorship and hinted that there is no real separation between the individual and the company. Defendants never withdraw IBC's motion to dismiss, and have not since expressly waived any challenge to personal jurisdiction. The court determines that Defendants have not waived their challenge to personal jurisdiction. In any event, Plaintiffs will not be harmed by allowing Defendants to pursue the motion, as they have been aware since March 2002 that IBC was challenging personal jurisdiction.

The court now addresses the merits of Defendant's motion to dismiss for lack of personal jurisdiction. Quintana complains that this court lacks in personam jurisdiction, because he does not have the minimum contacts with the State of Texas as required under the federal constitution. Plaintiffs disagree, contending that Defendants committed tortious acts within the State of Texas, and are therefore subject to the court's personal jurisdiction. The court agrees with Plaintiffs.

When a nonresident defendant presents a motion to dismiss for lack of personal jurisdiction, it is the plaintiffs burden to establish that in personam jurisdiction exists. Wilson v. Belin, 20 F.3d 644, 648 (5th Cir.), cert, denied, 513 U.S. 930, 115 S.Ct. 322, 130 L.Ed.2d 282 (1994). When the court rules on the motion without an evidentiary hearing, the plaintiff may establish personal jurisdiction by presenting a prima facie case that personal jurisdiction is proper, id., proof by a preponderance of the evidence is not required. WNS, Inc. v. Farrow, 884 F.2d 200, 203 (5th Cir. 1989). In resolving a jurisdictional issue, the court may review pleadings, affidavits, interrogatories, depositions, oral testimony, exhibits, any part of the record, and any combination thereof. Command-Aire Corp. v. Ontario Mech. Sales & Serv Inc., 963 F.2d 90, 95 (5th Cir.1992). Allegations in plaintiffs complaint are taken as true except to the extent that they are contradicted by defendant's affidavits. Wyatt v. Kaplan, 686 F.2d 276, 282-83 n. 13 (5th Cir.1982) (citing Black v. Acme Markets, Inc., 564 F.2d 681, 683 n. 3 (5th Cir.1977)). Any genuine, material conflicts between the facts established by the parties' affidavits and other evidence are resolved in favor of plaintiff for the purposes of determining whether a prima facie case exists. Jones v. Petty-Ray Geophysical Geosource, Inc., 954 F.2d 1061, 1067 (5th Cir.), cert, denied, 506 U.S. 867, 113 S.Ct. 193, 121 L.Ed.2d 136 (1992).

In a federal question case where the statute in question does not provide for service of process, the court "can use a state long-arm statute only to reach those parties whom a court of the state could also reach under it." Burstein v. State Bar of Cai, 693 F.2d 511, 514 (5th Cir. 1982). The exercise of jurisdiction must comport with the due process clause, and because Texas' long arm statute extends to the fullest constitutional limits, the analysis is combined into one analysis. See Marathon Oil Co. v. A.G. Ruhrgas, 182 F.3d 291, 294 (5th Cir.1999) (citations omitted).

Exercise of personal jurisdiction over nonresident defendants satisfies due process when two requirements are met. First, the nonresident defendant "must have purposefully availed himself of the benefits and protections of the forum state by establishing `minimum contacts' with that forum state". The "minimum contacts" prong can be subdivided into contacts that give rise to "specific" personal jurisdiction and those that give rise to "general" personal jurisdiction. Marathon Oil Co., 182 F.3d at 294-95. In this case, Plaintiffs contend that Defendants contacts give rise to specific jurisdiction. Exercise of specific jurisdiction is only appropriate when the nonresident's contacts with the forum state arise from or are directly related to the cause of action. Marathon Oil Co., 182 F.3d at 295.

Plaintiffs allege that Defendants have committed numerous acts of trademark infringement in this district, including placing and soliciting bids for the sale of school buses with the Cleburne Independent School District, which is located in Johnson County, Texas. Plaintiffs also allege that Defendants have (1) attended trade shows in Texas displaying the INTERNATIONAL mark; (2) sent unsolicited promotional materials with the INTERNATIONAL logo to the Cleburne Independent School District; (3) sold product in Texas under the INTERNATIONAL trademark; (4) called and solicited business from a list of customers in Texas under the name INTERNATIONAL; and (5) advertised their business on an Internet website accessible in Texas using the name INTERNATIONAL.

The court need not engage in an extensive and detailed analysis of the issue, as it determines that Defendants contacts with the state arise from their alleged unlawful use of the INTERNATIONAL trademark in connection with soliciting...