De Jager v. Andringa

• Decision Date: 18 January 1928
• Docket Number: No. 13.,13.
• Citation: 217 N.W. 332,241 Mich. 474
• Parties: DE JAGER v. ANDRINGA et al.
• Court: Michigan Supreme Court

241 Mich. 474

217 N.W. 332

DE JAGER

v.ANDRINGA et al.

No. 13.

Supreme Court of Michigan.

Jan. 18, 1928.

Error to Circuit Court, Kent County; Wm. B. Brown, Judge.

Action by Jacobus De Jager against Fred Andringa and John Datema, copartners, and another. Judgment for plaintiff, and named defendants bring error. Affirmed.

Argued before the Entire Bench.

Dunham & Cholette, of Grand Rapids, for appellants.

Peter J. Danhof and Irving H. Smith, both of Grand Rapids, for appellee.

CLARK, J.

Defendants Andringa and Datema, doing business as Andringa-Datema Bus Line, are common carriers of passengers by bus on the public highway between Grand Rapids and Grandville. The highway crosses double tracks of the defendant Pére Marquette Railway Company about a mile east of Grandville. On January 12, 1926, plaintiff was a passenger for hire in a bus driven by defendants' employee. While crossing the tracks in daylight, the bus was struck by an engine pulling a passenger train and plaintiff was injured. He sued the partners and the railway company, averring that his injuries had been caused by concurrent acts of negligence, that all defendants had been negligent, that the negligence of both the bus line and of the railway company had contributed to his injuries.

A verdict in favor of the railway company was directed. The jury was instructed that the partners Andringa and Datema had been negligent as a matter of law. The only matter left to the jury was the assessment of damages. Plaintiff had judgment. Andringa and Datema, the partners, bring error.

It was the duty of appellants, as common carriers of passengers, to exercise a high degree of care for the safety of plaintiff, a passenger (King v. Nellar, 228 Mich. 15, 199 N. W. 674), which means care proportionate to the ‘nature and risk of the undertaking in view of the nature of the means of conveyance employed’ (10 C. J. 855).

Negligence of defendants is ‘simply the failure to use the amount of care, skill, and diligence required by the nature of the undertaking and the circumstances of the case.’ 10 C. J. 855. The tracks were double. The zone of danger was therefore wide. The bus was long. It would take appreciable time to cross and to clear the tracks. The driver knew this and was familiar with the crossing. He knew that he or his passengers might be killed if a train came before he was clear of the tracks. He knew he must stop for the train. The train was not to stop. It seems he did stop for a second or two. He says he looked, saw to train, and proceeded to cross. While on the tracks he discovered the train almost upon him. He increased speed, but failed to get clear by a margin of about two feet. From the point where he stopped and claims to have looked the view was not fully clear, being somewhat obstructed by some telephone poles along the right of way. The tracks ran on practically level ground. He testified:

‘I cannot tell how far I could see.’ ‘I should think I could see to the right of the crossing 1,000 feet.'

The engineer had an unobstructed view of the crossing from a point at least 1,200 or 1,300 feet from the crossing. It was also said, ‘We could see down the track a mile or more.'

There is no escape on this record from the fact that, when the driver stopped and when he was starting to cross, the train was in plain view, rapidly approaching. There is no escape from the fact that the driver failed to see the train because of negligence on his part; he failed to look carefully,...