James v. Ambrose

Decision Date27 December 1973
Docket NumberCiv. A. No. 337-1971.
Citation367 F. Supp. 1321
PartiesPaul A. JAMES, Christiansted, St. Croix, V. I., Plaintiff, v. Myles J. AMBROSE, Commissioner of Customs, Washington, D. C., Defendant, James H. Stover, Regional Director of Customs, Miami, Florida, Defendant, Luis A. Diaz, Port Director of Customs, St. Thomas, Virgin Islands, Defendant, and Joseph Samuel, Ass't. Port Director of Customs, Christiansted, St. Croix, V. I., Defendant.
CourtU.S. District Court — Virgin Islands

COPYRIGHT MATERIAL OMITTED

Albert A. Sheen, Hodge, Sheen & Finch, Christiansted, St. Croix, V. I., for plaintiff.

Joel D. Sacks, U. S. Atty., Virgin Islands District, Charlotte Amalie, St. Thomas, V. I., Peter Herrick, Regional Counsel Office for Customs, Miami, Fla., for defendants.

MEMORANDUM

CLIFFORD SCOTT GREEN, District Judge.1

This is a civil action commenced by plaintiff, Paul A. James, a permanent resident of St. Croix, United States Virgin Islands, who seeks reinstatement to his former position as a custom inspector in the United States Customs Service. Plaintiff has named as defendants, Myles J. Ambrose, then Commissioner of Customs; James A. Stover, former Regional Director of Customs, Miami, Florida; Luis A. Diaz, Port Director of Customs, St. Thomas, Virgin Islands; and Joseph Samuels, Assistant Port Director of Customs, Christiansted, St. Croix, Virgin Islands.

From the pleadings the Court has elicited the following facts which are undisputed. Plaintiff was employed by the United States Bureau of Customs as a customs inspector, in Christiansted, St. Croix, United States Virgin Islands from 1951 until he was discharged from his employment on June 24, 1961, as a result of the following charges previously filed:

(a) Making false claims for overtime services.
(b) Creating disturbances among fellow employees, which adversely affected maintenance of proper discipline.
(c) Unsatisfactory performance of assigned duty.
(d) Making false, misleading or malicious statements which slander or defame officials, supervisors or employees.

Plaintiff had been advised of his right to answer the charges and the time period in which to file his answer. After several extensions of time were given to the plaintiff to file an answer to the charges, plaintiff filed such answer through an attorney to the Collector of Customs, Virgin Islands, in a letter dated May 9, 1961.

In a letter dated June 5, 1961, the Collector of Customs, Virgin Islands, notified the plaintiff that his removal would become effective on June 24, 1961, on the basis of the charges made against him. Plaintiff was notified that he could appeal the decision to the Director of Personnel, United States Treasury Department, within a certain time period. Plaintiff was also informed that he could appeal the decision to the Civil Service Commission.

In a letter of June 30, 1961, the plaintiff was notified by the Civil Service Commission representative for Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands that his appeal to the Civil Service Commission was denied and that he could then appeal to the Board of Appeals and Review within a certain period of time. A year later, the Civil Service Commission informed plaintiff that he had no further appeal rights because he had not timely filed his appeal. The Director of Personnel, United States Treasury Department, notified plaintiff in February, 1962, that his discharge had been sustained, and further informed plaintiff on March 26, 1962, that all administrative remedies to the Treasury Department and to Civil Service Commission had been exhausted.

The thrust of plaintiff's complaint is that his discharge from his position as a custom inspector was "arbitrary . . . and not solely for the good of the Civil Service Commission." Plaintiff further complains that he was denied due process of law because his "appeal was summarily denied and dismissed without there ever having been a hearing on the merits" of his discharge. Accordingly, plaintiff seeks a declaration as to rights, duties, status and other legal relations between himself and defendants arising out of the allegations in his complaint. Plaintiff further requests an injunction compelling defendants to allow him a hearing on the merits regarding his discharge, and to restore him to his former position.

Presently before the Court is defendants' motion to dismiss pursuant to Rule 12(b) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. In support of their motion, defendants advance the following grounds:

1. The Court lacks jurisdiction over the subject matter for the reason that the defendants are officers of the United States of America and this suit is in substance an action against the United States of America which has not consented to be sued or waived its immunity.

2. The Court lacks jurisdiction over the subject matter in that there is no authority to issue a declaratory judgment and injunctive relief sought.

3. The complaint fails to state a claim against defendants upon which relief can be granted, in that it appears on the face of the complaint that the right of action set forth did not accrue within six years prior to the filing of the complaint and is therefore barred by the statute of limitations contained in 28 U. S.C. § 2401.

4. The complaint fails to state a claim against defendants upon which relief can be granted in that it appears on the face of the complaint that the claim, if any, is barred by the laches and delay of plaintiff.

Plaintiff alleges that this Court has subject matter jurisdiction pursuant to the Declaratory Judgment Act, 28 U. S.C. § 2201 and 2202, and Rule 57 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. No other statutes are cited by the plaintiff as a basis for this Court's jurisdiction. However, it is clear that the aforesaid statutes, cited and relied upon by the plaintiff, do not themselves confer subject matter jurisdiction; these statutes are procedural and only provide for remedies which this Court may give in actions otherwise within its jurisdiction. Jarrett v. Resor, 426 F.2d 213, 216 (9th Cir. 1970); Ragoni v. United States, 424 F.2d 261, 264 (3rd Cir. 1970); Langston v. United States Attorney General, 293 F.2d 316, 317 (3rd Cir. 1961); Benson v. State Board of Parole and Probation, 384 F.2d 238, 239 (9th Cir. 1967).

Although plaintiff has not expressly cited a valid jurisdictional statute as a basis for his complaint2, we construe his complaint as alleging the mandamus provisions of 28 U.S.C. § 1361. See Haines v. United States, 453 F.2d 233 (3rd Cir. 1971); Schillinger v. United States Department of Justice, F. B.I., 259 F.Supp. 29 (M.D.Pa.1966). Under 28 U.S.C. § 1361, a District Court has original jurisdiction of any action in the nature of mandamus against government officials of the United States or any agency thereof only with respect to the performance or nonperformance by those officials of ministerial or non-discretionary duties. However, the District Court does not have authority to control or hamper the exercise of discretion vested in an officer or governmental agency. United States v. Wilbur, 283 U.S. 414, 51 S.Ct. 502, 75 L.Ed. 1148 (1931); Mollohan v. Gray, 413 F.2d 349 (9th Cir. 1969); Szmodis v. Romney, 307 F.Supp. 607 (E.D.Pa.1969); Murray v. Vaughn, 300 F.Supp. 688 (D.R.I. 1969); Smith v. United States Air Force, 280 F.Supp. 478 (E.D.Pa.1968); Armstrong v. United States, 233 F.Supp. 188 (S.D.Cal.1964), aff'd, 354 F.2d 648 (9th Cir. 1965), cert. denied, 384 U.S. 946, 86 S.Ct. 1472, 16 L.Ed.2d 543 (1966).

In the instant case, plaintiff seeks to have this Court compel defendants to reinstate him to his former position. Defendants assert that the removal or reinstatement of plaintiff as an employee of the United States Government, after his removal, is discretionary and that this Court is without power to issue a writ of mandamus. We believe that, under the facts and circumstances of the instant case, the question of discharging or retaining plaintiff in his former employment was a matter of discretion. No statute was violated in discharging him. There was no breach of any duty required to be performed by defendants. Bowen v. Culotta, 294 F. Supp. 183, 186 (E.D.Va.1968); See Wilbur v. United States, 281 U.S. 206, 50 S.Ct. 320, 74 L.Ed. 809 (1930); Mitchell v. McNamara, 122 U.S.App.D.C. 224, 352 F.2d 700 (1965); Armstrong v. United States, supra. Plaintiff further requests that this Court compel defendants to allow him a hearing. There is no contention by plaintiff that defendants failed to comply with their statutory or regulatory obligations. Moreover, we note that at the time of plaintiff's dismissal in 1961, there were in force certain provisions in Title 5 of the Rules and Regulations, relating to procedures for taking adverse actions against employees and procedures for Commission action on appeal. More specifically, Section 9.202(2), 26 Fed.Reg. 182 (1961), provided as follows:

"(2) Employee's answer. The employee shall be allowed a reasonable time for filing a written answer to the notice of proposed adverse action and for furnishing affidavits in support of his answer. The employing agency may, in its discretion, grant the employee a hearing. If the employee answers the notice, his answer shall be considered by the agency in reaching its decision on the proposed adverse action." (emphasis added)

We note further that Section 9.303(c), 26 Fed.Reg. 182 (1961), provided as follows:

"(c) Hearing. The Commission office which is adjudicating the initial appeal may, in its discretion, hold a hearing." (emphasis added)

The aforementioned rules and regulations clearly established that there was no duty imposed on the United States Customs Service, the employing service, or the Civil Service Commission, on appeal, to afford plaintiff a hearing under the circumstances alleged in plaintiff's complaint. Because of the absence of a ministerial, plainly defined and peremptory duty owing to plaintiff on the part of the defendants and...

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    • April 24, 1975
    ...Williams v. United States, 405 F.2d 951, 954 (9th Cir. 1969); Glodgett v. Betit, 368 F.Supp. 211, 216 (D.Vt.1973); James v. Ambrose, 367 F. Supp. 1321, 1324 n. 2 (D.V.I.1973); Elmore v. Hill, 345 F.Supp. 1098, 1099 (W.D.Va.1972); Eidschun v. Pierce, 335 F.Supp. 603, 615 (S.D.Iowa 1971). The......
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  • Perry v. Barnard
    • United States
    • U.S. District Court — Southern District of Indiana
    • October 12, 1990
    ...action; they are procedural and only provide for remedies in suits that are otherwise within a court's jurisdiction. James v. Ambrose, 367 F.Supp. 1321 (D.V.I.1973); Senate Select Comm. on Presidential Campaign Activities v. Nixon, 366 F.Supp. 51, 55-56 (D.D.C.1973). The case or controversy......
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