Jamison v. Cooper
| Decision Date | 27 February 1985 |
| Docket Number | No. 84-8010,84-8010 |
| Citation | 754 F.2d 1568 |
| Parties | Forrest R. JAMISON and Diana L. Jamison, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. Cathy Marie COOPER, David Carlton, and Darrell H. Carlton, Defendants-Appellees. |
| Court | U.S. Court of Appeals — Eleventh Circuit |
William C. Lanham, Johnson, Ward, Stanfield, Lanham & Carr, Atlanta, Ga., for plaintiffs-appellants.
John C. Parker, Savell, Williams, Cox & Angel, Atlanta, Ga., for defendants-appellees.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia.
Before TJOFLAT and JOHNSON, Circuit Judges, and DUMBAULD *, District Judge.
Husband appellant, a resident of Tennessee, while standing near his truck off the highway in Atlanta in the course of his employment by a Tennessee employer, was seriously injured when struck by a 1973 Toyota driven by appellee Cooper. She and her boy friend Carlton were high school children who had run away. The car was owned by Carlton's father and when his mother gave him the car keys he was told that he could use the car only to drive Cooper home and then proceed to his place of work. Appellant truckdriver received workmens' compensation from his employer. The accident took place on February 16, 1982, and the instant lawsuit was filed March 30, 1983.
Under Tennessee law a worker receiving workmens' compensation for an injury under circumstances creating a legal liability against someone other than the employer, may pursue his remedy against such tortfeasor, but such action against such other person by the injured worker "must be instituted ... within one (1) year from the date of injury." This Tennessee statute of limitation further provides that failure to sue within the year "shall operate as an assignment to the employer of any cause of action" which the workman may have against such tortfeasor, "and such employer may enforce same in his own name ... for such employer's benefit as such employer's interest may appear," and "the employer shall have six (6) months after such assignment within which to commence such suit." Tenn.Code Ann. Sec. 50-6-112(d).
In reliance upon this statute of limitations the District Court on December 19, 1983, entered summary judgment in favor of appellees.
We are convinced that the District Court misinterpreted the impact of the Tennessee statute of limitations.
Since the collision causing the injury occurred in Georgia, the cause of action was created by Georgia law, and under the doctrine of Erie R.R. Co. v. Tompkins, 304 U.S. 64, 78, 58 S.Ct. 817, 822, 82 L.Ed. 1188 (1938), a federal court would apply Georgia substantive law. Full faith and credit does not require resort to the Tennessee statute. Under Georgia choice of law principles, the Georgia two-year statute would be applicable and appellants' action is not time-barred.
The cause of action sued upon in the case at bar having been created by Georgia law 1 and being a run-of-mine remedy at common law since the origins of trespass vi et armis and trespass on the case, we are not presented with the interesting question discussed in Wells v. Simonds Abrasive Co., 345 U.S. 514, 517, 524, 73 S.Ct. 856, 857, 861, 97 L.Ed. 1211 (1953), which might arise where a novel type of remedy is created by statute and certain conditions and limitations are incorporated inextricably as an integral and inherent part of the cause of action itself. In such a case the conditions and limitations inseparably attached and annexed to the remedy might properly have to be given effect in whatever forum is invoked.
Instead, the general rule that statutes of limitations are procedural and that the forum applies its own governs the case at bar. Butler v. Dravo Corp., 310 F.Supp. 1265, 1266 (N.D.Pa.1970).
The Tennessee statute of limitations involved in the case at bar was not enacted as a windfall to benefit tortfeasors. It was designed to enable a professional litigant (the employer's insurance carrier) to replace a hesitant or dilatory amateur plaintiff in collecting damages from the tortfeasor when the insurer has promptly advanced workmens' compensation benefits to the injured employee for which the insurance company is entitled to reimbursement from the tortfeasor. The statute is properly construed as affording the insurer a form of security for its outlay. Surely if it collected from the tortfeasor a greater amount than it had paid the injured employee in benefits, the surplus would be unjust enrichment to the company and held in trust for the benefit of the employee.
We accept the construction of the statute adopted by the courts of Tennessee...
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Ryan v. Flame Refractories, Inc.
...rather, the carrier's interest is in the nature of a security interest to extent of the compensation it has paid. See Jamison v. Cooper, 754 F.2d 1568 (11th Cir.1985) (so construing a similar provision of the Tennessee Code). Given that the injured employee no longer has any claim of right ......