Jason's Foods, Inc. v. Peter Eckrich & Sons, Inc.

• Decision Date: 22 July 1985
• Docket Number: No. 84-2225,84-2225
• Citation: 768 F.2d 189
• Parties: JASON'S FOODS, INC., an Illinois corporation, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. PETER ECKRICH & SONS, INC., a Delaware corporation, Defendant-Appellee.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Seventh Circuit

Page 189

768 F.2d 189

2 Fed.R.Serv.3d 895

JASON'S FOODS, INC., an Illinois corporation, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. PETER ECKRICH & SONS, INC., a Delaware corporation Defendant-Appellee.

No. 84-2225.

United States Court of Appeals Seventh Circuit.

Argued April 17, 1985.

Decided July 22, 1985.

Norman Light, Chicago, Ill., for plaintiff-appellant.

Arnold D. Fielkow, Leahy & Eisenberg, Ltd., Chicago, Ill., for defendant-appellee.

Before POSNER and COFFEY, Circuit Judges, and DUMBAULD, Senior District Judge. ^*

POSNER, Circuit Judge.

Jason's Foods, Inc. brought suit against Peter Eckrich & Sons, Inc. for breach of contract, basing federal jurisdiction on diversity of citizenship. The district judge granted summary judgment for Eckrich and dismissed the case, and Jason's has appealed. Although no party has contested jurisdiction, we have an independent obligation to satisfy ourselves that this case really is within the jurisdiction of the federal courts; and this turns out to be unclear, and requires a limited remand to the district court.

The complaint alleges that "Plaintiff, Jason's Foods, Inc., is a corporation incorporated under the laws of Illinois and has its corporate headquarters and place of business at Northbrook, Illinois." This adequately if inartfully pleads that the plaintiff is a corporate citizen of Illinois, and Illinois alone. For purposes of the diversity jurisdiction, "a corporation shall be deemed a citizen of any State by which it has been incorporated and of the State where it has its principal place of business." 28 U.S.C. Sec. 1332(c). Regarding the defendant, however, the complaint alleges only that "Defendant, Peter Eckrich & Sons, Inc. is a corporation incorporated under the laws of Delaware and does business throughout the United States." This pleading is insufficient to establish diversity jurisdiction because it does not identify Eckrich's principal place of business. If that is Illinois, there is no diversity jurisdiction in this case.

The answer admits the jurisdictional allegations concerning Eckrich, but does not indicate where Eckrich's principal place of business is. The district judge should therefore have dismissed the complaint for lack of federal jurisdiction. Dining Car Employees Local No. 385 v. Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul & Pac. R.R., 323 F.2d 224, 226-27 (7th Cir.1963). He did not do so, a failure that can be forgiven, but not excused, because of the parties' oversights. Federal courts have an independent obligation to confine themselves to the jurisdiction that has been given them by the Constitution and by Congress, and the jurisdictional defect was apparent on the face of the complaint.

Since no one realized there was an issue of jurisdiction, no effort to establish Eckrich's principal place of business was made. If the record showed, as it were inadvertently, where that was and it was not Illinois, we could overlook the deficiency in the pleadings; we would know the district court had jurisdiction. See Casio, Inc. v. S.M. & R. Co., 755 F.2d 528, 530 (7th Cir.1985); Transport Indemnity Co. v. Home Indemnity Co., 535 F.2d 232, 233 n. 1 (3d Cir.1976); cf. Guerrino v. Ohio Casualty Ins. Co., 423 F.2d 419, 421 (3d Cir.1970). But we have searched the record in vain for any indication of Eckrich's principal place of business. It is true that all the correspondence with Eckrich is with an office in El Paso, Texas. But that is because the transaction out of which the suit arises was with Eckrich's Food Services Division, which happens to be in El Paso. The fact that one division of what appears to be a multi-division corporation is in Texas does not establish...