Jensen v. Miller

• Decision Date: 25 October 1977
• Citation: 280 Or. 225,570 P.2d 375
• Parties: William N. JENSEN and Mary C. Jensen, husband and wife, Appellants, v. Melvin MILLER and Margueriete F. Miller, husband and wife, and all other persons unknown claiming a right, title, estate, lien or interest in the real property described in the complaint adverse to Plaintiffs, Respondents.
• Court: Oregon Supreme Court

Page 375

570 P.2d 375

280 Or. 225

William N. JENSEN and Mary C. Jensen, husband and wife, Appellants, v. Melvin MILLER and Margueriete F. Miller, husband and wife, and all other persons unknown claiming a right, title,

estate, lien or interest in the real property described in

the complaint adverse to Plaintiffs, Respondents.

Supreme Court of Oregon, In Banc.

Submitted on Briefs Aug. 25, 1977.

Decided Oct. 25, 1977.

Michael J. Bird, Grants Pass, for appellants. With him on the briefs were Brown, Hughes, Bird & Lane, Roseburg.

William M. Sloan, Grants Pass, for respondents. With him on the brief were Johnson, Sloan, Hawkins & Neufeld and Raymond W. Hess, Rogue River.

LENT, Justice.

Plaintiffs sued to quiet title to a strip of land. Defendants counterclaimed for reformation of the contract and deed by which plaintiffs had conveyed to the defendants unimproved land, contending the disputed strip is part of the realty they purchased from the plaintiffs although not described in the contract and deed. The trial court decreed reformation of the legal description of the subject realty in the contract and deed to include the disputed strip and awarded defendants attorney fees. Plaintiffs appeal. We affirm.

We review de novo on the record. ORS 19.125(3). It is well established that, while this court is not bound by the trial court's findings of fact, in cases where controverted testimony is taken by a trial judge, who has the opportunity to observe the demeanor of the witnesses, the trial court's findings are entitled to great weight. Phillips v. Johnson, 266 Or. 544, 514 P.2d 1337 (1973). The case at bar, characterized by the trial judge as one which "could go on two weeks with one saying 'I did' and the other 'I didn't' ", is just such a case.

The facts found by the trial court may be summarized as follows: In 1969 the parties contracted for sale of land by plaintiffs to defendants. During negotiations prior to making the contract, plaintiffs showed defendants the land and, in particular, pointed out as the eastern boundary of the land to be sold a line which had been brush-cut and marked by a surveyor hired by plaintiffs for this purpose. Hereinafter this line will be referred to as the "brush line." An earnest money agreement preceded the making of the land-sale contract.

When the title company and the county assessor's office raised questions as to the description of the land contained in the earnest money agreement, plaintiffs assured defendants that the brush line was in fact the correct boundary between their respective parcels. Plaintiffs and defendants thereafter made a land-sale contract, and when defendants had performed thereunder, plaintiffs executed and delivered to them a warranty deed. Both instruments contained a legal description that placed plaintiffs' eastern boundary line about 67 feet west of the brush line. This was due to an error made by the plaintiffs' surveyor some five years prior to the sale. That error was unknown to any of the parties at that time.

During the period 1969 to 1973, defendants, with plaintiffs' "encouragement and assistance," made improvements in the disputed strip. The error in the original survey was not discovered until a new survey was made in 1973. The trial court found that, considering the oral testimony and the earnest money agreement description, one in light of the other, the parties intended the brush line to be the eastern boundary line of the land sold. It further found that there was a mutual, material mistake, that defendants were not grossly negligent in making such a mistake, and in fact did so in reliance upon plaintiffs' representations, and that such reliance was justified. Finally, the trial court found that defendants had expended $1,500 in reasonable attorney fees in the suit below.

Plaintiffs assert two assignments of error: first, that the trial court erred in reforming the legal description of the land in the contract and deed, and, second, that it erred in awarding defendants attorney fees. The first assignment amounts to a contention that the quantum of evidence produced by the defendants to show mutual mistake was insufficient to support the decree of reformation. Our first inquiry must be to determine the nature and quantum of proof necessary to support a decree of reformation of a contract.

The parties seeking reformation of a written contract must establish, by the appropriate quantum of proof, (1) that there was an antecedent agreement to which the contract can be reformed; (2) that there was a mutual mistake or a unilateral mistake on the part of the party seeking reformation and inequitable conduct on the part of the other party; and (3) that the party seeking reformation was not guilty of gross negligence. See Moyer et ux v. Ramseyer et al., 226 Or. 122, 134, 359 P.2d 407 (1961); Scoville et ux v. Hampton et al., 217 Or. 256, 259, 335 P.2d 399, 340 P.2d 952 (1959); DeTweede v. Barnett Estate, 160 Or. 406, 411-17, 85 P.2d 361 (1939); and Lewis v. Lewis, 5 Or. 169, 176 (1874).

Defendants offered evidence in support of each of these three elements, and the trial court found it sufficient to support a decree of reformation. The quantum of proof necessary to support a decree of reformation has been described in widely differing terms by this court, but it is agreed by all that "(a) mere preponderance of the evidence does not suffice." Kontz v. B. P. John Furniture Corp., 167 Or. 187, 205, 115 P.2d 319, 326 (1941). The parties below and on appeal appear to have accepted this general statement, and therefore we do not review its validity. ¹

In the instant case, the first element, that of an antecedent agreement, is established without question. We find, as the trial court did, that the evidence clearly establishes that the initial agreement of the parties was that the brush line would represent the eastern boundary of the land sold by the plaintiffs to the defendants.

The element of mutual mistake, while perhaps less clearly established and subject to directly contradictory evidence by the interested parties, was in our judgment supported by convincing testimony. The trial judge, who observed the testimony firsthand, resolved this conflict in favor of the defendants, and, as stated above, this finding is entitled to great weight. We decline to reverse the trial court on this point.

Finally, defendants must prove the negative element, that the mistake on their part was not due to their gross negligence. The evidence, as adduced at trial and found by the trial court, fully supports this allegation to any necessary degree. Plaintiffs were not only responsible, at least vis-a-vis the defendants, for the error of the surveyor whom they had employed; they refused to have the property resurveyed in 1969, instead hiring the same surveyor to draw the boundary line based on the original survey. Indeed, when faced with an indication that there was something wrong, plaintiffs continually reassured defendants that they would get substantially what they had bargained for. Defendants, as found by the trial court, were entitled to rely on plaintiffs' representations. Even if they were not, such reliance would not constitute negligence so gross as to deny them the equitable relief they sought. See Kontz v. B. P. John Furniture Corp., supra 167 Or. at 206, 115 P.2d 319; Wolfgang v. Henry Thiele Catering Co., 128 Or. 433, 442-48, 275 P. 33 (1929).

Plaintiffs also assign as error the trial court's award of attorney fees to defendants. Plaintiffs contest, not the trial court's finding that $1,500 was a reasonable amount, but the basis for awarding any fees at all. The land-sale contract between plaintiffs and defendants states:

In case any suit or action is instituted by either party to enforce any provision or remedy herein,...