Johnson v. Clark

• Citation: 967 A.2d 1222,113 Conn.App. 611
• Decision Date: 14 April 2009
• Docket Number: No. 29338.,29338.
• Court: Appellate Court of Connecticut
• Parties: Cordell JOHNSON v. Wayne CLARK.

967 A.2d 1222

113 Conn.App. 611

Cordell JOHNSON v. Wayne CLARK.

No. 29338.

Appellate Court of Connecticut.

Argued October 20, 2008.

Decided April 14, 2009.

Marc Darren, Madison, for the appellant (defendant).

Jane R. Rosenberg, assistant attorney general, with whom, on the brief, was

Richard Blumenthal, attorney general, for the appellee (plaintiff).

HARPER, ROBINSON and WEST, Js.

HARPER, J.

The defendant, Wayne Clark, appeals from the judgment of dismissal rendered by the trial court on his appeal from a family support magistrate's order.¹ On appeal, the defendant claims that (1) the court improperly concluded that the family support magistrate did not exceed his authority when he continued the matter of a contempt citation for purposes of monitoring the compliance of the defendant after he paid the purge amount and (2) the family support magistrate improperly disregarded the court's decisional law. We conclude that although the court properly dismissed the defendant's appeal, it should have been dismissed on different grounds. We conclude that the court lacked subject matter jurisdiction over the claim by the plaintiff, Cordell Johnson, because the family support magistrate's decision was not a final judgment. We therefore reverse the judgment and remand the case to the trial court with direction to dismiss the defendant's appeal for lack of subject matter jurisdiction.

The record reveals the following facts and procedural history. The plaintiff and the defendant are the unmarried parents of two minor children.² On March 6, 2000, the family support magistrate, Denise Chisholm Langley, ordered child support to the plaintiff for the minor children. The plaintiff filed various motions for contempt over the years to attempt to have the defendant comply with the child support order. The defendant accumulated arrearages, owed to both the state and the plaintiff, totaling approximately $17,900 as of May 7, 2007.

On May 9, 2007, the defendant appeared at a contempt³ hearing, at which the family support magistrate, John P. McCarthy, found the defendant to be in contempt for wilfully failing to pay child support. Magistrate McCarthy ordered the defendant to pay his weekly payments⁴ and to remain in the custody of the commissioner of correction until he paid a purge amount of $900, which was the accumulated arrearage that he owed on a prior order.⁵ Magistrate McCarthy further ordered the defendant to return to court on June 20, 2007, if he satisfied the purge order, or, in the alternative, on May 16, 2007, if he did not satisfy the purge order. He further stated that if the purge was paid, the purge would be reviewed, nonetheless, on May 16, 2007. On May 16, 2007, the defendant, who had paid the purge amount on May 9, 2007, appeared before the court requesting Magistrate McCarthy to "mark off" the June 20, 2007 date because the purge was paid.⁶ Magistrate McCarthy denied the request and ordered the defendant to return on June 20, 2007, to review the defendant's compliance with his weekly payments, with the proviso that the defendant could be excused by support enforcement services if he was in compliance.

Pursuant to General Statutes § 46b-231(n),⁷ on May 23, 2007, the defendant appealed to the court from Magistrate McCarthy's denial of his request to mark off the June 20, 2007 date. The defendant asserted that Magistrate McCarthy imposed a "continuing purge" order conditioned on the defendant's making weekly payments. The defendant argued that Magistrate McCarthy exceed his authority by such order. Specifically, the defendant cited Iturrino v. Frison, Superior Court, judicial district of New London at Norwich, Docket No. FA-99-0117474-S, 2007 WL 125932 (January 5, 2007) (42 Conn. L. Rptr. 626), which held that a family support magistrate exceeds his authority in setting a continuing purge amount that would not purge a past contempt until all future obligations are met.

In a memorandum of decision filed November 2, 2007, the court found that the defendant's facts were not similar to those before the court in Iturrino and dismissed the defendant's appeal. Specifically, it concluded that Magistrate McCarthy did not order a "continuing purge" but, instead, had directed the defendant, who still owed past due support payments, to return to the court to monitor his compliance with court orders.⁸ It further noted that the legal issue of whether the family support magistrate had the authority to order the defendant to return, after he had paid a purge order, was not before the court. This appeal followed. Additional facts will be set forth as necessary.

We first address the threshold jurisdictional issue of whether the family support magistrate's decision was a final judgment. On February 7, 2008, prior to oral argument, support enforcement services filed a motion to dismiss the appeal that raised the issue of lack of jurisdiction. It contended that the trial court and this court lacked subject matter jurisdiction over the defendant's claims because the order of the family support magistrate that denied the defendant's request to mark off the continuation date was not a final judgment. On February 20, 2008, the defendant filed an objection to the motion to dismiss. On March 26, 2008, this court denied support enforcement services' motion to dismiss on the ground that the trial court's dismissal of the defendant's appeal from the family support magistrate's decision was an appealable final judgment.

The attorney general has raised this issue again in his brief and during oral arguments.⁹ We will review the attorney general's claim as it relates to the trial court's subject matter jurisdiction. "[B]ecause [a] determination regarding a trial court's subject matter jurisdiction is a question of law, our review is plenary.... Moreover, [i]t is a fundamental rule that a court may raise and review the issue of subject matter jurisdiction at any time." (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Embalmers' Supply Co. v. Giannitti, 103 Conn.App. 20, 29, 929 A.2d 729, cert. denied, 284 Conn. 931, 934 A.2d 246 (2007).

A finding on a motion for contempt is a final judgment subject to review on appeal. See Potter v. Board of Selectmen, 174 Conn. 195, 196, 384 A.2d 369 (1978) (denial of motion for contempt is final judgment); Sgarellino v. Hightower, 13 Conn.App. 591, 594-96, 538 A.2d 1065 (1988) (finding of contempt subject to appellate review). The decision on appeal before the trial court, however, was not based on the magistrate's factual findings or legal conclusions that the defendant was in wilful contempt or the magistrate's determinations of the fine or incarceration imposed. Rather, the defendant appealed to the trial court from the magistrate's subsequent decision, one week later, to have the defendant return to court for a subsequent review on his weekly payments.¹⁰ As a result, the magistrate's decision is interlocutory in character, and the parties do not dispute the characterization of the ruling as such. The question before us is whether the form or content of the family support magistrate's May 16, 2007 decision removed it from the trial court's judicial review by way of appeal.

In determining whether certain interlocutory orders or rulings are final judgments for purposes of appeal, our appellate courts apply the well established Curcio test, which provides that "[a]n otherwise interlocutory order is appealable in two circumstances: (1) where the order or action terminates a separate and distinct proceeding, or (2) where the order or action so concludes the rights of the parties that further proceedings cannot affect them." State v. Curcio, 191 Conn. 27, 31, 463 A.2d 566 (1983). In the present case, neither prong of the Curcio test is satisfied.

Under the first prong, the magistrate's denial of the defendant's request to mark off a subsequent hearing did not terminate a separate and distinct proceeding. On the contrary, the magistrate never made a determination on whether the defendant was in compliance with the court's order for weekly payments. The defendant argues¹¹ that he fully complied with the contempt order when he paid the purge amount. The defendant asserts that because the subsequent June 20, 2007 hearing was part of the paid purge order, the magistrate's decision terminated a separate and distinct proceeding. To support his argument, the defendant relies on Iturrino v. Frison, supra, 42 Conn. L. Rptr. at 626, and claims that the magistrate's decision continued the contempt order, which was a final judgment. In Iturrino, the court determined that a continuing purge is excessive when the magistrate orders weekly payments as purge amounts. Id., at 627. That factual scenario is not present here, especially because Magistrate McCarthy ruled that the purge was paid.

Additionally, the contemnor in Iturrino essentially was being punished for his past contempt via paying a purge based on future payments. Id. Here, the record reflects that the magistrate ordered the defendant to maintain weekly payments. See footnote 6. Although we agree that a contempt finding is a final judgment, we do not agree that the magistrate's decision to have the defendant return to review his weekly payments was a decision that terminated a separate and distinct proceeding. Our review of the decision reflects that the magistrate ordered a purge, but part of the defendant's purge order entailed him maintaining weekly payments on the arrearage order of what already was owed.¹² See, e.g., Kendall v. Pilkington, 253 Conn. 264, 278 n. 7, 750 A.2d 1090 (2000) ("[A] finding of contempt is not necessarily vacated because the violator has purged himself. On the contrary, a contempt finding has collateral consequences, even when no longer `active,' unless or until it is vacated or rendered invalid."); Monsam v. Dearington, 82 Conn.App. 451, 456-57, 844 A.2d 927 (2004) ("[a]fter a finding of civil contempt, the court retains jurisdiction...