Johnson v. Clinton, 84-2344

• Decision Date: 30 May 1985
• Docket Number: No. 84-2344,84-2344
• Citation: 763 F.2d 326
• Parties: James JOHNSON, Appellant, v. Bill CLINTON, Governor; Steve Clark, Attorney General; A.L. Lockhart, Director of Arkansas Department of Correction; and Willis Sargent, Warden, Cummins Unit, Arkansas Department of Correction, Appellees.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Eighth Circuit

Page 326

763 F.2d 326

James JOHNSON, Appellant, v. Bill CLINTON, Governor; Steve Clark, Attorney General A.L. Lockhart, Director of Arkansas Department of Correction; and Willis Sargent, Warden, Cummins Unit Arkansas Department of Correction, Appellees.

No. 84-2344.

United States Court of Appeals Eighth Circuit.

Submitted May 14, 1985.

Decided May 30, 1985.

Gregory T. Jones, Little Rock, Ark., for appellant.

Patty Cherry, Atty. Gen., Little Rock, Ark., for appellee.

Before LAY, Chief Judge, and ARNOLD and BOWMAN, Circuit Judges.

ARNOLD, Circuit Judge.

This is an action brought under 42 U.S.C. Sec. 1983 (1982) by James Johnson, an inmate of the Cummins Unit of the Arkansas Department of Correction. Johnson appeals the District Court's ¹ dismissal of his claims that defendants are violating his constitutional rights under the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment and the Eighth Amendment. We affirm in part, reverse in part, and remand.

I. The Due Process Claim

Johnson asserts that the defendants are engaged in a conspiracy to deprive him and other inmates of their liberty without due process by depriving them of the right to earn meritorious good time. We hold that the District Court properly dismissed this claim for lack of merit.

In the first place, Johnson claims only that certain state statutes are not being followed. Such a claim, even if true, is not the equivalent of a violation of federal constitutional rights to due process of law. And in the second place, the claims of violation of state law are plainly without merit. Johnson's inmate classification is "Class IV." Ark.Stat.Ann. Sec. 46-120.3 (Supp.1983) provides that inmates "in Class IV shall not be entitled to earn 'Meritorious Good Time.' " ² Johnson's contention that the 1973 amendment to Sec. 46-120.3 abolished the "Class IV" classification lacks merit. The 1973 amendment expressly created the "Class IV" classification. ³

Johnson also argues that by a 1981 amendment to Ark.Stat.Ann. Sec. 46-120.1 (Supp.1983), the Arkansas Legislature entitled all prisoners to earn meritorious good time. ⁴ However, the 1981 amendment to Sec. 46-120.1 did not alter the express language or the effect of Sec. 46-120.3. Because Sec. 46-120.3 specifically provides that Class IV inmates are not entitled to earn meritorious good time, Johnson has failed to allege a violation even of state law.

II. The Eighth Amendment Claim

Johnson contends that defendants are subjecting him to cruel and unusual punishment by forcing him to work beyond his physical capacity and by denying him necessary hernia surgery. ⁵ In his original complaint, Johnson asserted that in December of 1983, he fell and suffered a hernia, which causes him much pain and limits his capacity to perform the building-utility work to which he is assigned. Johnson also alleged that he was being forced to work beyond his physical capacity. After noting that these allegations might state a claim for relief under Sec. 1983, the District Court dismissed this claim as vague and conclusory but suggested that Johnson file a new, more specific claim, naming the persons directly responsible for forcing him to work beyond his capacity.

After the action was dismissed, Johnson filed a "motion of objection" which the District Court treated as a motion to alter or amend the judgment and denied. In his motion, Johnson expanded his claim, alleging that his hernia requires surgery which Warden Sargent will not approve. Johnson further asserted that he filed a grievance alleging that being forced to work beyond his physical capacity was endangering his life, and that the grievance was denied by Warden Sargent. Johnson contends these actions demonstrate the deliberate indifference of Warden Sargent to his serious medical needs.

After reviewing the original complaint and the "motion of objection," we conclude that Johnson alleged sufficient facts to state a claim under Sec. 1983 against Warden Sargent. Therefore, we reverse on this portion of the case.

There are circumstances in which prison work requirements constitute cruel and unusual punishment. Ray v. Mabry, 556 F.2d 881, 882 (8th Cir.1977) (per curiam). "[F]or prison officials knowingly to compel convicts to perform physical labor ... which constitutes a danger to their ... health, or which is unduly painful constitutes an infliction of cruel and unusual punishment prohibited by the Eighth Amendment...." Id. (quoting Talley v. Stephens, 247 F.Supp. 683, 687 (E.D.Ark.1965) ). Further, "deliberate indifference to serious medical needs of prisoners constitutes the 'unnecessary and wanton infliction of pain' ... proscribed by the Eighth Amendment." Estelle v. Gamble, 429 U.S. 97, 104, 97 S.Ct. 285, 291, 50 L.Ed.2d 251 (1976) (citation omitted). In light of these holdings, we conclude that Johnson's claim should not have been dismissed. Accordingly, we remand this claim to the District Court for further consideration. Pro se pleadings are to be read with liberality, and their allegations given every reasonable indulgence.

The remand, however, will relate only to the claim against defendant Sargent, Warden of the Cummins Unit, in which Johnson was confined when he filed his pleadings. The allegations as to the other three defendants, Governor Clinton, Attorney General Clark, and A.L. Lockhart, Director of the Department of Correction, are not sufficient to charge them with any personal involvement in Johnson's case, even when read liberally, and even when amplified by plaintiff's "motion of objection." As to these three defendants, the judgment of...