Johnston v. Shalala

• Decision Date: 01 December 1994
• Docket Number: No. 94-1587,94-1587
• Citation: 42 F.3d 448
• Parties: , Unempl.Ins.Rep. (CCH) P 14237B Ruby N. JOHNSTON, Appellant, v. Donna E. SHALALA, Secretary of Health and Human Services, Appellee.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Eighth Circuit

Page 448

42 F.3d 448

46 Soc.Sec.Rep.Ser. 222, Unempl.Ins.Rep. (CCH) P 14237B

Ruby N. JOHNSTON, Appellant, v. Donna E. SHALALA, Secretary of Health and Human Services, Appellee.

No. 94-1587.

United States Court of Appeals Eighth Circuit.

Submitted Sept. 16, 1994.

Decided Dec. 1, 1994.

Lawrence Ray, St. Robert, MO, argued, for appellant.

Eric Tolen, St. Louis, MO, argued (Edward L. Dowd, Jr. and Eric T. Tolen, on the brief), for appellee.

Before McMILLIAN and MAGILL, Circuit Judges, and BOGUE, ^* Senior District Judge.

MAGILL, Circuit Judge.

Ruby N. Johnston appeals from the final order of the district court ¹ affirming the decision of the Secretary of Health and Human Services to grant Johnston disability insurance benefits from July 10, 1989, until September 30, 1990, and deny benefits thereafter. For the reasons discussed below, we affirm.

I. BACKGROUND

Johnston applied for disability benefits on October 6, 1989, alleging that she was disabled because of a slipped disc. The Secretary denied benefits for the period after September 30, 1990, initially and on reconsideration. On July 18, 1990, a hearing was held before an administrative law judge (ALJ) at Johnston's request.

Johnston was fifty-nine years old at the time of the hearing and had an eighth grade education. She worked most of the past fifteen years as a sewing machine operator at various factories. She also spent one and one-half years as a caretaker for an elderly woman.

At the hearing, Johnston testified that she injured her back when she was picking up some vegetables in her garden in July 1989 and that she has been unable to work since then. She also testified that she was in a car accident in November 1979 and underwent hip surgery as a result of the accident. Johnston has arthritis in her right arm and left wrist and her right arm is permanently "turned halfway over." She also has trouble controlling her bladder.

Johnston claimed that she is in severe pain twenty-five days of each month. To alleviate this pain she takes various pain medications and hot baths. However, none of Johnston's doctors have recommended she attend a pain clinic or try other therapy to reduce her pain.

Johnston testified she can lift, but not carry, five pounds; can walk fifty yards on a flat surface; can stand in one position for approximately ten to fifteen minutes; cannot bend at the waist and touch her knees; has difficulty descending stairs; and cannot lift her arms over her head very well. Johnston stated she does most of the cooking and dishwashing at her home and her daughter assists her with vacuuming and laundry. Johnston claims she reads for one and one-half hours per day; watches television for two hours per day; and rests for one hour in the afternoon. Johnston stated her ten children visit her regularly and every week she visits one of them.

Johnston first sought medical attention regarding her back pain on July 11, 1989. She was treated for this condition by various doctors. On August 18, 1989, Johnston underwent a lumbar myelogram, and on December 11, 1989, she underwent a decompressive laminectomy. On a December 29, 1989 medical visit with Dr. Stronsky, Johnston reported less right leg pain; her doctor noted that the surgery was healing nicely and recommended a follow-up visit in two months. On February 26, 1990, Johnston reported back to Dr. Stronsky. Dr. Stronsky's report notes only that Johnston complains of swelling and weakness in her right ankle. Johnston was prescribed "below the knee venous pressure gradient hose."

On February 22, 1990, Johnston saw Dr. Bond for bladder problems. Dr. Bond noted Johnston had a fallen bladder. However, the record does not indicate that a course of treatment was either recommended or pursued. Lastly, on May 7, 1990, a biopsy was performed by Dr. Troop on Johnston's right breast. No malignancy was detected, but Dr. Troop noted there was a moderately increased risk that Johnston may develop breast cancer.

The ALJ found that Johnston's complaints of continuing pain were not credible and concluded that Johnston could perform her past relevant work as a seamstress or top stitcher. Therefore, he determined that she was not disabled after September 30, 1990. The Appeals Council denied further review, and Johnston sought judicial review. The district court granted the Secretary summary judgment, concluding the Secretary's decision was supported by substantial evidence. This appeal ensued.

II. DISCUSSION

A. Standard of Review

We review the ALJ's decision to determine whether it is supported by substantial evidence on the record as a whole. Substantial evidence consists of such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion. Stewart v. Secretary of Health & Human Servs., 957 F.2d 581, 585 (8th Cir.1992). To determine whether substantial evidence exists, we must also consider anything in the record that fairly detracts from the weight of the ALJ's decision. Id. If it is possible to draw two inconsistent positions from the evidence and one of the positions is that of the agency's, we must affirm. Robinson v. Sullivan, 956 F.2d 836, 838 (8th Cir.1992).

B. Burden of Proof

Johnston bears the initial burden of proving a disability. If Johnston shows she cannot perform past relevant work, then the burden shifts to the Secretary to show that work exists that Johnston can perform. Locher v. Sullivan, 968 F.2d 725, 727 (8th Cir.1992).

To meet her initial burden of proof, Johnston must show that she has a "medically determinable impairment which precludes performance of previous work." Turpin v. Bowen, 813 F.2d 165, 170 (8th Cir.1987). We believe that substantial evidence on the record supports the ALJ's conclusion that Johnston has not demonstrated that she cannot perform past relevant work.

1. Complaints of Pain

Johnston argues that the ALJ ignored the medical records in determining that she did not suffer from disabling pain. We believe that substantial evidence in the record supports the ALJ's conclusion that Johnston did not suffer from disabling pain after September 30, 1990.

Pain is considered disabling when it is not "remediable and precludes a claimant from engaging in any form of substantial gainful activity." Cruse v. Bowen, 867 F.2d 1183, 1186 (8th Cir.1989). The ALJ may discredit subjective complaints of pain if there are inconsistencies in the evidence as a whole. Polaski v. Heckler, 739 F.2d 1320, 1322, supplemented, 751 F.2d 943 (8th Cir.1984), vacated, 476 U.S. 1167, 106 S.Ct. 2885, 90 L.Ed.2d 974 (1986), adhered to on remand, 804 F.2d 456 (8th Cir.1986), cert. denied, 482 U.S. 927, 107 S.Ct. 3211, 96 L.Ed.2d 698 (1987). The factors the ALJ should consider when determining if Johnston's complaints of pain are credible include: the absence of an objective medical basis that supports the severity of the subjective complaints; Johnston's daily activities; the duration, frequency and intensity of Johnston's pain; precipitating and aggravating factors; the dosage, effectiveness and side effects of medication; and functional restrictions. Id. at 1322. If the ALJ discredits testimony and explicitly gives good reasons for doing so, we are bound by the ALJ's judgment unless it is not supported by substantial evidence on the record as a whole. Robinson, 956 F.2d at 841.

The ALJ examined Johnston's complaints of pain under the Polaski factors. The ALJ specifically found that Johnston's testimony was not credible because of inconsistencies in the record. The inconsistencies noted by the ALJ include Johnston's ability to read, watch television and drive as indicia that her pain does not...