Jones by Robinson v. Winn-Dixie Greenville, Inc.

Decision Date08 February 1995
Docket NumberWINN-DIXIE,No. 2321,2321
Citation456 S.E.2d 429,318 S.C. 171
PartiesWillie JONES, a minor over the age of Fourteen (14) Years, by Carrie ROBINSON, his Guardian ad Litem, Appellant, v.GREENVILLE, INC., Respondent. . Heard
CourtSouth Carolina Court of Appeals

G.D. Morgan, Jr. and Creighton B. Coleman both of McCutchen, Blanton, Rhodes & Johnson, Columbia, for appellant.

Elbert S. Dorn, Columbia, for respondent.

SHAW, Judge:

Willie Jones instituted this action against Winn-Dixie Greenville, Inc., alleging slander, outrage, false imprisonment, assault, and battery. 1 A jury found for Jones and awarded him $25,000 actual and $50,000 punitive damages for assault and battery and $25,000 actual and $50,000 punitive for false imprisonment. The trial court, sua sponte, reformed the verdict to one award of $25,000 actual and $50,000 punitive damages at which point Winn-Dixie moved for Jones to elect his remedy. The trial court denied Jones' motion to reinstate the jury's verdict and Jones appeals. We reverse.

On April 1, 1992, Jones, 14 to 15 years old at the time, went with his mother to Winn-Dixie. Jones' mother stopped outside the store to speak with a friend while Jones entered alone. Once inside the store, Jones went to the general merchandise aisle where he stopped and spoke with a friend and picked up a package of shoe inserts. As Jones was talking with his friend, Winn-Dixie's store manager, James Watson, approached Jones and asked whether he could be of any assistance. Watson took the shoe inserts from Jones and, after Jones responded he did not need any assistance, Watson returned the inserts to him. Watson then walked away.

Once Jones finished talking to his friend, Watson followed him around the store. Jones testified he became nervous and put the shoe inserts on another aisle. Watson admitted he lost sight of Jones several times and at no time did he see Jones conceal the shoe inserts. Nevertheless, Watson approached Jones again as Jones was walking up an aisle with one hand behind his back. Watson asked Jones to show him the shoe inserts and Jones explained he had placed them on another aisle. Watson then escorted Jones out of the store.

Jones testified that once they were outside the store, Watson began cursing and threatening him. Watson admitted telling Jones he was "going to kick his [a __ __]" if he came back in the store again. Watson then grabbed Jones by the arm and led him back inside the store and into the store's public restroom. Watson closed the bathroom door, then told Jones to take down his pants, which Jones did. Watson was standing in front of the door. Jones testified he complied with Watson's request because he was scared and nervous and did not know what to do. Finding no evidence of any stolen merchandise, Watson allowed Jones to pull his pants back up and walked him out of the bathroom.

As Jones exited the bathroom, he was confronted by policemen, whom Watson had called after initially confronting Jones. Jones' mother was also present by this time. Watson then admitted to the police officers he found no store merchandise on Jones' person.

Watson testified Winn-Dixie has specific, written instructions set forth in its security manual and posted in its breakroom, which address the handling of suspected shoplifters. However, although he had been employed by Winn-Dixie for fourteen years, Watson admitted he had never read the provisions in the manual or in the break room. In fact, Watson admitted he breached every one of Winn-Dixie's seven policies regarding suspected shoplifters.

Jones testified he was embarrassed and humiliated by the incident. He stated he is now hesitant to enter stores for fear this will happen again. Jones' mother testified Jones became extremely withdrawn after the incident and began having disciplinary difficulties in school.

The jury returned verdicts for Jones on the false imprisonment and assault and battery causes of action. The verdicts were for $25,000 actual damages on each cause of action and $50,000 punitive damages on each cause of action. The trial court then reformed the verdict to one award of $75,000 finding Jones was entitled to only one recovery. The trial judge denied Jones' subsequent motion to reinstate the jury's original award.

On appeal, Jones argues the trial judge erred in reforming the jury's verdict because an election of remedies was unnecessary. We agree.

The doctrine of election of remedies involves a choice between different forms of redress afforded by law for the same injury, or different forms of proceeding on the same cause of action. Stated another way, election of remedies is the act of choosing between different remedies allowed by law on the same state of facts. Boardman v. Lovett Enterprises, Inc., 283 S.C. 425, 323 S.E.2d 784 (Ct.App.1984), rev'd on other grounds, 287 S.C. 303, 338 S.E.2d 323 (1985). Its purpose is to prevent double redress for a single wrong. Save Charleston Foundation v. Murray, 286 S.C. 170, 333 S.E.2d 60 (Ct.App.1985). Where a party has asserted only one primary wrong, he is entitled to only one recovery. Boardman, 283 S.C. 425, 323 S.E.2d 784 (Ct.App.1984). However, the principle has no application where two separate causes of action, each based on different facts, exists. Harmon v. Jenkins, 282 S.C. 189, 318 S.E.2d 371 (Ct.App.1984).

Jones' action for false imprisonment is not based upon the same elements as his action for assault and battery. False imprisonment is the deprivation of one's liberty without justification. Caldwell v. K-Mart Corp., 306 S.C. 27, 410 S.E.2d 21 (Ct.App.1991). In order to recover under a theory of false imprisonment, the complainant must establish (1) the defendant restrained him; (2) the restraint was intentional; and (3) the restraint was unlawful. Andrews v. Piedmont Air Lines, 297 S.C. 367, 377 S.E.2d 127 (Ct.App.1989). The tort of false imprisonment does not require an actual injurious touching. False imprisonment may be committed by words alone, or by acts alone or by both, and by merely operating on the will of the individual, or by personal violence, or by both. Gathers v. Harris Teeter Supermarket, Inc., ...

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