Joseph v. State
| Decision Date | 23 November 1992 |
| Docket Number | No. 77A01-9207-PC-229,77A01-9207-PC-229 |
| Parties | Richard B. JOSEPH, Appellant-Petitioner, v. STATE of Indiana, Appellee-Respondent. |
| Court | Indiana Appellate Court |
Susan K. Carpenter, Public Defender, John T. Ribble, Deputy Public Defender, Indianapolis, for appellant-petitioner.
Linley E. Pearson, Atty. Gen., Julie Zandstra Frazee, Deputy Atty. Gen., Office of Atty. Gen., Indianapolis, for appellee-respondent.
Defendant-appellant Richard B. Joseph appeals the post-conviction court's summary denial of his post-conviction relief petition. Joseph claims the post-conviction court's summary denial was erroneous for three reasons: 1) because the post-conviction court did not allow his public defender adequate time to investigate and possibly amend the petition; 2) because the post-conviction court did not first issue a show cause order pursuant to Ind.Trial Rule 41(E); and 3) because his petition raised disputed factual matters making the denial inappropriate without a hearing. Joseph also contends the post-conviction court erred when it found the doctrine of laches barred his claim without first holding a hearing on the issue.
In 1980, Joseph pled guilty without the benefit of counsel to charges of kidnapping, 1 robbery, 2 and theft. 3 He received a 30-year sentence.
On March 22, 1992, Joseph filed a pro se petition for post-conviction relief claiming, among other things, that "I entered the plea bargain blindly, for I lacked an attorney to advise me of my rights that I waved [sic] when I accepted the plea bargain." Record at 22. His petition included a request for a public defender and an affidavit of indigency. The post-conviction court forwarded the petition to the public defender's office the next day.
On April 8, 1992, the state public defender entered an appearance on Joseph's behalf and filed a motion for jail time credit. On April 9, 1992, the post-conviction court granted the jail time credit motion but denied Joseph's petition without a hearing. It found Joseph knowingly and intelligently waived his right to counsel and that Joseph was prohibited from obtaining relief by the doctrine of laches. Joseph appeals.
The post-conviction rules specifically provide for the appointment and participation of counsel on behalf of indigent petitioners in post-conviction actions. Ind. Post-Conviction Rule 1 Sec. 2 requires the post-conviction court to refer a copy of the petition to the public defender's office upon a finding of the petitioner's indigency. This rule helps insure representation of indigent petitioners and promotes judicial economy by presenting all known allegations of error in the original petition and in proper form, so far "as is reasonably and humanly possible." Holliness v. State (1986), Ind., 496 N.E.2d 1281, 1282.
The rules require more than the petition's mere referral to the public defender, however. The public defender must be afforded time to interview the client, interview the trial and appellate attorneys, read the appropriate records of proceedings, and investigate all relevant legal and factual matters. Id. at 1281. The summary disposition of a post-conviction relief petition prior to the public defender's office having an opportunity to consult with the petitioner and amend the petition prevents the fulfillment of the mission assigned to the post-conviction rules and, accordingly, constitutes error. Russell v. State (1987), Ind., 510 N.E.2d 1339 (). See also Bailey v. State (1983), Ind., 447 N.E.2d 1088 (); Jordan v. State (1987), Ind.App., 512 N.E.2d 236 ().
In this case, Joseph filed his pro se petition on March 22, 1992. The public defender received the petition on March 23, 1992, and entered an appearance on April 8, 1992. The next day, April 9, 1992, the post-conviction court summarily denied the petition. This was error. "Our supreme court has recognized that summary denial of a pro se petition for post-conviction relief is inappropriate when ... the petition has been referred to the public defender but is denied less than one month after filing[.]" Jordan, supra, at 238 (citing Bailey, supra ).
Error of even constitutional dimension does not necessarily require reversal, however; in addition to error, a party must also make some showing of injury or prejudice resulting from the error. See White v. State (1986), Ind., 497 N.E.2d 893; McKrill v. State (1983), Ind., 452 N.E.2d 946. Joseph made no such allegation of harm here. Although he broadly asserts his public defender was not given ample time to investigate and amend his petition, he offers no suggestion concerning what the public defender would have found had the opportunity for complete investigation been afforded or whether the public defender would have, in fact, amended the petition. Indeed, in this appeal Joseph presses only his waiver of counsel argument as it originally appeared in his petition, suggesting amendment was unnecessary and would not be forthcoming. Without the necessary definition of prejudice, Joseph is not entitled to relief on the grounds that the post-conviction court's denial was erroneous because Joseph's public defender was not afforded ample time to investigate and amend the petition.
Joseph next claims the trial court erred in summarily denying his petition because he was entitled to a show cause order under T.R. 41(E).
Although the Russell, Holliness, and Jordan courts appear to use the terms "denial" and "dismissal" interchangeably in the context of post-conviction relief, they are not synonymous. The difference lies in how each arises. A post-conviction relief petition may be summarily denied when the pleadings conclusively show the petitioner is entitled to no relief. P-C.R. 1 Sec. 4(f). The petition may be dismissed when the petitioner has failed to comply with the trial rules or when he has failed to take action for a period of 60 days. T.R. 41(E).
The difference is important despite the holding of Holliness, that "dismissal after the Public Defender has made an appearance on behalf of the pro se petitioner and before an amended petition has been filed, can be made only after an order to show cause why the petition should not be dismissed pursuant to T.R. 41(E)." Holliness, supra, at 1282. As Judge Shields acutely observed, Holliness "fails to recognize the distinction" between a P-C.R. 1 Sec. 4(f) judgment on whether the pleadings show the petitioner is not entitled to relief and a T.R. 41(E) dismissal for want of prosecution. Colvin v. State (1986), Ind.App., 501 N.E.2d 1149 (Shields, J., concurring).
In considering Joseph's T.R. 41(E) argument, it is important to remember the rationale underlying the post-conviction rules: public defenders should be provided ample time to investigate post-conviction relief claims so that they may amend petitions, if necessary, to include all possible theories in a single petition, thereby rendering future petitions unnecessary. Here, there is no real contention that Joseph would have amended his petition had he been given extra time for investigation, and the post-conviction court denied--not dismissed--Joseph's petition; we conclude Joseph was not entitled to the benefit T.R. 41(E) provides, as he claims. 4
Joseph is left, then, with the grounds he originally advanced and continues to advance: that he did not knowingly, voluntarily, and intelligently waive his right to counsel when he pleaded guilty.
The petitioner seeking post-conviction relief has the burden of establishing the grounds for relief by a preponderance of the evidence. Schiro v. State (1989), Ind., 533 N.E.2d 1201, cert. denied 493 U.S. 910, 110 S.Ct. 268, 107 L.Ed.2d 218 (1989). In the context of an allegedly faulty guilty plea, the petitioner must establish specific facts from which the trier of fact can conclude by a preponderance of the evidence that the trial court's omission rendered the decision to enter a guilty plea involuntary or unintelligent. Allen v. State (1986), Ind., 498 N.E.2d 1214. To...
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