Kaiser v. State

• Decision Date: 27 June 1988
• Docket Number: No. 88-89,88-89
• Citation: 296 Ark. 125,752 S.W.2d 271
• Parties: Edward Gene KAISER, Appellant, v. STATE of Arkansas, Appellee.
• Court: Arkansas Supreme Court

Page 271

752 S.W.2d 271

296 Ark. 125

Edward Gene KAISER, Appellant, v.STATE of Arkansas, Appellee.

No. 88-89.

Supreme Court of Arkansas.

June 27, 1988.

Burris & Berry, Pocahontas, for appellant.

J. Brent Standridge, Asst. Atty. Gen., Little Rock, for appellee.

NEWBERN, Justice.

This is a property forfeiture case resulting from the arrest of the appellant, Edward Gene Kaiser, for possession of marijuana.Kaiser was found to have a small amount of marijuana on his person, and he pleaded guilty to a misdemeanor possession charge.Kaiser's car was stopped by Randolph County officers who had received information from Missouri officers that Kaiser would be travelling through Randolph County in a gray or silver 1979 Lincoln, license number KLN 436, and that he was carrying a pistol and $25,000 cash or 50 pounds of marijuana.Sheriff's officers found a pistol and $10,000 cash in the trunk of Kaiser's car, and those items were ordered forfeited pursuant to Ark.Code Ann. § 5-64-505(1987).The sole question is whether the state presented evidence sufficient to support reasonable suspicion to stop Kaiser's car.The court of appeals affirmed the forfeiture judgment by a tie vote, three-to-three, 24 Ark.App. 19, 746 S.W.2d 559.We reverse the court of appeals decision and remand to the trial court because the state presented no evidence supporting the reliability of the tip received from the Missouri State Police.

Testimony of the Randolph County Sheriff made it clear that the sole basis for the stop of Kaiser's car was the information received from the Missouri State Police who had told the sheriff their information came from a reliable informant.In his response to the forfeiture petition Kaiser contended the stop, search, seizure and arrest were without a warrant, without probable cause and in violation of the Arkansas Constitution and the United States Constitution prohibitions against unreasonable searches and seizures.In a brief in support of the response, Kaiser clearly argued that:

There is nothing in the record to indicate who the informant was, and there is nothing in the record to indicate how the informant obtained the information, when it was obtained, or how it was obtained.There is absolutely nothing in the record to indicate that the informant had any degree of reliability or had any means of obtaining knowledge, and ... neither Sheriff Shultz nor the Arkansas State Police officers who were working on the matter, made any inquiries as to the reliability of the information furnished them by the Missouri officers.

Although it is stated in more general terms, Kaiser raises the same argument here.

The state concedes that the exclusionary rule applies in forfeiture litigation which is "quasi-criminal" in nature, citing One 1958 Plymouth Sedan v. Pennsylvania, 380 U.S. 693, 85 S.Ct. 1246, 14 L.Ed.2d 170(1965);see alsoUnited States v. United States Currency $31,828, 760 F.2d 228(8th Cir.1985).We have applied it in a case somewhat similar to this one.In Little Rock Police Department v. One 1977 Lincoln Continental Mark V, 265 Ark. 512, 580 S.W.2d 451(1979), we affirmed a trial court's refusal to order forfeiture of a car found to contain 3.14 pounds of marijuana.We held there was not sufficient proof of the informant's reliability.

The Randolph County Sheriff did not act improperly in stopping Kaiser's car on the basis of the information from the Missouri State Police.That, however, does not end the inquiry into the propriety of the stop.If the Missouri officers had not developed a reasonable suspicion of Kaiser based on the reliability of the informant, the seizures resulting from the stop could not stand and neither can the forfeitures.

In United States v. Hensley, 469 U.S. 221, 105 S.Ct. 675, 83 L.Ed.2d 604(1985), the issue was whether police could stop and briefly detain a person described on a "wanted flyer" issued by another police department, and whether evidence obtained as the result of such a stop was admissible.The court noted its prior holdings that police could stop a moving vehicle upon reasonable suspicion of ongoing criminal activity.Hensley was being sought as a suspect in a completed armed robbery.The first question addressed was whether the kind of investigative stop authorized by Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1, 88 S.Ct. 1868, 20 L.Ed.2d 889(1968), would be permissible in the case of suspicion of an offense which was not ongoing....