Keith v. Northern Hosp. Dist.

• Decision Date: 05 May 1998
• Docket Number: No. COA97-825.,COA97-825.
• Citation: 499 S.E.2d 200,129 NC App. 402
• Court: North Carolina Court of Appeals
• Parties: Judy Ann KEITH, Plaintiff, v. NORTHERN HOSPITAL DISTRICT of SURRY COUNTY, d/b/a Northern Hospital of Surry County, Defendant.

499 S.E.2d 200

129 NC App. 402

Judy Ann KEITH, Plaintiff, v. NORTHERN HOSPITAL DISTRICT of SURRY COUNTY, d/b/a Northern Hospital of Surry County, Defendant.

No. COA97-825.

Court of Appeals of North Carolina.

May 5, 1998.

White and Crumpler by Dudley A. Witt, Winston-Salem, for plaintiff-appellant.

Tuggle Duggins & Meschan, P.A. by Robert A. Ford and J. Reed Johnston, Jr., Greensboro, for defendant-appellee.

GREENE, Judge.

Judy Ann Keith (plaintiff) appeals from an order of the trial court denying her motion to amend her complaint and dismissing her action against Northern Hospital District of Surry County (defendant).

The facts are as follows: On 5 June 1996, the plaintiff filed a "Motion To Extend the Statute of Limitations" for filing a medical malpractice claim in accordance with Rule 9(j) of the North Carolina Rules of Civil Procedure.¹ The trial court granted the motion and the granting of that motion is not an issue in this appeal. On 4 October 1996, the plaintiff filed a complaint alleging medical malpractice against Kenneth D. Gitt, M.D. (Dr. Gitt), Tom J. Vaughn, M.D. (Dr. Vaughn), Mt. Airy OB-GYN Center, Inc. (Center), and the defendant. The complaint did not include any allegations as required by Rule 9(j) of the Rules of Civil Procedure. The claims against Dr. Gitt, Dr. Vaughn, and the Center were dismissed by the trial court on two grounds: failure to state a claim and failure to comply with Rule 9(j). The plaintiff did not appeal those dismissals. In the defendant's answer it sought dismissal of the complaint on the ground that the plaintiff had not complied with Rule 9(j). On 23 January 1997, the plaintiff sought to amend her complaint to include allegations that a "person who [was] reasonably expected to qualify as an expert witness under Rule 702 of the Rules of Evidence" had reviewed her medical care and was willing to testify that the medical care received by the plaintiff "did not comply with the applicable standard of care...."

On 10 March 1997, the plaintiff's motion to amend and the defendant's motion to dismiss came on for hearing before the trial court. The trial court denied the plaintiff's motion to amend and allowed the defendant's motion to dismiss. The dismissal was with prejudice. In its order, the trial court concluded that the plaintiff failed to comply with Rule 9(j) because:

[S]he failed to assert in [her] complaint that the care provided to her had been reviewed by a person who was reasonably expected to qualify as an expert witness under Rule 702 of the Rules of Evidence, and who was willing to testify that the care provided to her did not comply with the applicable standard of care.

The trial court articulated no reason for denying the plaintiff's motion to amend.

The dispositive issue is whether a medical malpractice complaint that fails to include the Rule 9(j) certification can be subsequently amended pursuant to Rule 15 to include the Rule 9(j) certification.

Rule 9(j) of our Rules of Civil Procedure provides that complaints alleging:

[M]edical malpractice by a health care provider as defined in G.S. 90-21.11 ... shall be dismissed unless:

(1) The pleading specifically asserts that the medical care has been reviewed by a person who is reasonably expected to qualify as an expert witness under Rule 702 of the Rules of Evidence and who is willing to testify that the medical care did not comply with the applicable standard of care....

N.C.G.S. § 1A-1, Rule 9(j) (Supp.1997). This rule is unambiguous in stating that the complaint "shall be dismissed" if the complaint does not include a certification that the medical care at issue has been reviewed by a person "reasonably expected to qualify as an expert" and "who is willing to testify that the medical care [which is the subject of the pleading] did not comply with the applicable standard of care." When the statutory language is "clear and unambiguous, `there is no room for judicial construction,' and the statute must be given effect in accordance with its plain and definite meaning." Avco Financial Services v. Isbell, 67 N.C.App. 341, 343, 312 S.E.2d 707, 708 (1984) (quoting Williams v. Williams, 299 N.C. 174, 180, 261 S.E.2d 849, 854 (1980)). It follows, therefore, that because the complaint in this case alleged a claim for medical malpractice against a "health care provider"² and did not include the necessary Rule 9(j) certification, the trial court was required to dismiss it.³

In so holding we reject the argument of the plaintiff that any Rule 9(j) deficiency in the complaint can be corrected by subsequently amending the complaint, pursuant to Rule 15(a), by adding the Rule 9(j) certification and having that amendment relate back, pursuant to Rule 15(c), to the date of the filing of the complaint.⁴ N.C.G.S. § 1A-1, Rule 15 (1990) (providing for amendments to complaints and relation back of new claims). To read Rule 15 in this manner would defeat the objective of Rule 9(j) which, as revealed in the title of the legislation, seeks to avoid the filing of frivolous medical malpractice claims. 1995 N.C.Sess.Laws ch. 309 ("Act To Prevent Frivolous Medical Malpractice Actions By ... Requir[ing] Expert Witness Review As A Condition Of Filing A Medical Malpractice Action"); State v. Hart, 287 N.C. 76, 80, 213 S.E.2d 291, 295 (1975) (statutory construction which "defeat[s] or impair[s] the object of the statute must be avoided if that can reasonably be done without violence to the legislative language"). Indeed, as stated well by the defendant in its brief to this Court:

[P]laintiff's `file first, review later, relate back' argument would return us to the very situation the legislature expressly sought to end, that is, the filing of malpractice actions before the plaintiff had ascertained the existence, in fact, of the expert opinion evidence necessary to establish a breach of the applicable standard of care.

In any event, the plaintiff's Rule 15(c) argument is without merit, as it is only "claims" asserted in the amended complaint that are "deemed to have been interposed at the time the claim in the original pleading was interposed." N.C.G.S. § 1A-1, Rule 15(c). Here the plaintiff does not seek to assert a new claim in its amended pleadings and thus is not permitted to take advantage of the "relation back" doctrine.

The plaintiff further argues that the order of the trial court denying her request to amend her complaint must be reversed because the trial court failed to declare a reason for denying the plaintiff's motion to amend. We disagree. Our courts have held that it is an abuse of discretion to deny leave to amend "without any justifying reason appearing for the denial." Coffey v. Coffey, 94 N.C.App. 717, 722, 381 S.E.2d 467, 471 (1989), disc. review improvidently allowed, 326 N.C. 586, 391 S.E.2d 40 (1990). A "justifying reason," however, can either be one declared by the trial court or one apparent from the record. Banner v. Banner, 86 N.C.App. 397, 400, 358 S.E.2d 110, 111, disc. review denied, 320 N.C. 790, 361 S.E.2d 70 (1987), overruled on other grounds by Stachlowski v. Stach, 328 N.C. 276, 401 S.E.2d 638 (1991). "Justifying reasons" include "undue delay, bad faith, dilatory motive, repeated failure to cure deficiencies, undue prejudice and futility of the amendment." Coffey, 94 N.C.App. at 722, 381 S.E.2d at 471. In this case, because the amendment seeking to add the Rule 9(j) certification cannot constitute a compliance with Rule 9(j), its filing would have been futile.

Affirmed.

WALKER, J., concurring in the result with separate opinion.

TIMMONS-GOODSON, J., concurring in the result with separate opinion.

WALKER, Judge, concurring in the result.

After considering plaintiff's motion for leave to amend, the trial court found "that justice does not require the amendment" under the facts of this case. Therefore, I conclude there was no abuse of discretion by the trial court.

TIMMONS-GOODSON, Judge, concurring in the result.

I agree with the majority that the order of the trial court should be affirmed, but for the reasons discussed herein, I cannot agree with the majority's analysis. Particularly, I take issue with the majority's determination that Rule 9(j) precludes amendment of a pleading pursuant to Rule 15 as a matter of law. While the majority insists that it does not decide the relationship between Rule 9(j) and Rule 15 in all instances, the majority begins its analysis by stating, "The dispositive issue is whether a medical malpractice complaint that fails to include the Rule 9(j) certification can be subsequently amended pursuant to Rule 15 to include the Rule 9(j) certification," and a reading of the majority's analysis inherently indicates otherwise.

Rule 15 of our Rules of Civil Procedure permits leave to amend "when justice so requires." Saintsing v. Taylor, 57 N.C.App. 467, 471, 291 S.E.2d 880, 883, disc. review denied, 306 N.C. 558, 294 S.E.2d 224 (1982). It is well settled that leave to amend should be freely granted, unless some material prejudice is demonstrated. Id. Generally, whether to allow a motion to amend a pleading is addressed to the sound discretion of the trial court and will not be disturbed absent a showing of abuse. Dept. of Transportation v. Bollinger, 121 N.C.App. 606, 609, 468 S.E.2d 796, 797-98 (1996).

Rule 9 of the Rules of Civil Procedure is entitled "Pleading special matters." Therein, matters which require more than the notice pleading generally accepted in this jurisdiction are listed. See N.C.R.Civ.P. 9. For example, legal capacity of any party that is not a natural person to be sued must be affirmatively plead under subsection (a); fraud, duress, or mistake must be plead with particularity under subsection (b); and a denial that a condition precedent has been performed or occurred must be plead with specificity and particularity under subsection (c). N.C.R.Civ.P. 9(a), (b), (c). Each of these subsections use mandatory language, and it is understood...