Kellems v. State, No. 62S05-0501-CR-15.

• Docket Nº: No. 62S05-0501-CR-15.
• Citation: 849 N.E.2d 1110
• Case Date: June 29, 2006
• Court: Supreme Court of Indiana

849 N.E.2d 1110 Henry Luke KELLEMS, Jr., Appellant (Defendant below),
v.
STATE of Indiana, Appellee (Plaintiff below). No. 62S05-0501-CR-15. Supreme Court of Indiana. June 29, 2006.

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Susan K. Carpenter, Public Defender of Indiana, J. Michael Sauer, Deputy Public Defender, Indianapolis, for Appellant.

Steve Carter, Attorney General of Indiana, Cynthia L. Ploughe, Deputy Attorney General, Indianapolis, for Appellee.

SULLIVAN, Justice.

Henry Kellems was found guilty of being a habitual traffic offender and in violation of his probation in a bench trial held on October 23, 2003. The Court of Appeals reversed Kellems's conviction and the trial court's decision to deny a motion to suppress evidence gathered during the traffic stop that led to his arrest. Kellems v. State, 816 N.E.2d 421, 427 (Ind.Ct.App. 2004). It held that there was insufficient evidence to support the trial court's conviction of Kellems or its revocation of his probation. Id. As its disposition rested solely on its resolution of the issue of whether the tipster's call was legally sufficient to support the subsequent stop of Kellems's vehicle, the Court of Appeals did not reach three additional issues raised by Kellems in his brief to that court.

On review in this Court, both parties focused the arguments in their briefs on

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the single issue decided by the Court of Appeals—the sufficiency of the tip to support an investigatory stop of Kellems's vehicle. On that issue, we held that the tip in Kellems's case "was sufficient to provide [police] with reasonable suspicion to conduct an investigatory stop of [his] car." Kellems v. State, 842 N.E.2d 352, 356 (Ind. 2006).

Kellems seeks rehearing. As his basis for further review, he cites our failure to address his other arguments for review presented to the Court of Appeals. We grant rehearing to address one of these issues: whether he was denied his constitutional right to be tried by jury.

Discussion

A fundamental linchpin of our system of criminal justice is the right to a trial by jury. See U.S. Const. amend. VI; Ind. Const. art. 1, § 13. Although this right may be waived, we have concluded that the statutory requirement that a defendant assent to a waiver of his right to jury trial¹ "mean[s that] an assent by [the] defendant [be] personally reflected in the record before the trial begins either in writing or in open court." Good v. State, 267 Ind. 29, 366 N.E.2d 1169, 1171 (1977). This is to assure that the waiver is "made in a knowing, intelligent, and voluntary manner, with sufficient awareness of the surrounding circumstances and the consequences." Doughty v. State, 470 N.E.2d 69, 70 (Ind.1984). Thus, it is the duty of the trial court "to assume in a criminal case that the defendant will want a trial by jury," unless the defendant personally indicates a contrary desire in writing or verbally in open court. Perkins v. State, 541 N.E.2d 927, 928 (Ind.1989). This waiver must be made part of the record "so that the question of an effective waiver can be reviewed even though no objection was made at trial." Doughty, 470 N.E.2d at 70.

As noted earlier, Kellems was tried and convicted in a bench trial. The trial record, however, does not reflect that Kellems made a personal waiver of his right to a jury trial. The record does indicate that Kellems was initially informed of his right to jury trial and his option to waive that right at a pre-trial hearing held on March 28, 2002. Kellems was asked if he had any questions regarding his rights and he responded negatively.

Kellems's attorney, Terry White, indicated his client's desire to waive his jury trial right at a status conference held on May 5, 2003, at which Kellems was present. White informed the trial court that after engaging in lengthy conversation with Kellems, his client had decided to forego a jury trial. The trial judge, however, never questioned Kellems himself regarding the voluntariness of his waiver nor elicited any statement from Kellems of his waiver for the record.

The State argues that Kellems should be bound to the waiver articulated by his attorney as he had been made aware of his right to a jury trial at the March hearing and "did nothing but `sit idly by' as the trial court...