Kellensworth v. State, CR

• Decision Date: 08 March 1982
• Docket Number: No. CR,CR
• Citation: 631 S.W.2d 1,275 Ark. 252
• Parties: John H. KELLENSWORTH, Jr., Appellant, v. STATE of Arkansas, Appellee. 82-1.
• Court: Arkansas Supreme Court

Page 1

631 S.W.2d 1

275 Ark. 252

John H. KELLENSWORTH, Jr., Appellant, v.STATE of Arkansas, Appellee.

No. CR 82-1.

Supreme Court of Arkansas.

March 8, 1982.

Supplemental Opinion on Denial of Rehearing April 19, 1982.

L. Gene Worsham, Little Rock, and Beth G. Coulson, Perryville, for appellant.

Steve Clark, Atty. Gen. by Alice Ann Burns, Asst. Atty. Gen., Little Rock, for appellee.

HICKMAN, Justice.

John Herbert Kellensworth, Jr. was convicted and sentenced to ten years imprisonment for rape and three years for burglary.The crimes occurred in Pulaski County, Arkansas, but the case was tried to a jury in nearby Perry County to preclude any possibility of prejudice to the defendant because of pretrial publicity.

Kellensworth's conviction must be reversed because the trial court erroneously permitted certain testimony by Kellensworth's former wife.The State called her after the defense rested and the sole purpose of her testimony was to impeach testimony by Kellensworth and his parents.Kellensworth's mother had testified that Kellensworth "worshipped" his former wife and child.On cross-examination Kellensworth and his father testified that Kellensworth loved his former wife.The former wife, Vickie Kellensworth, was allowed to rebut this by testifying that Kellensworth, at various times, pulled a gun on her, tried to run her off the road, knocked her up against a brick wall, and on a separate occasion struck her.

The trial judge admitted the testimony because he considered it simple rebuttal evidence.But it was more than mere rebuttal testimony.It was offered to impeach, or discredit, the testimony of Kellensworth and his parents.

A witness cannot be impeached on a collateral matter by calling another witness to contradict the testimony of the first witness.3A Wigmore on Evidence § 1001;Swaim v. State, 257 Ark. 166, 514 S.W.2d 706(1974);SeeHaight v. State, 259 Ark. 478, 533 S.W.2d 510(1976);Mathis v. State, 267 Ark.App. 904, 591 S.W.2d 679(1980).The reason for the rule is that to permit such a tactic would only distract the jury from the main issue, waste time and prejudice a defendant.McCormick's Evidence § 47(1972).

The rule does not mean a witness can never be discredited on a collateral matter.Cross-examination is the usual tool available.Or in some instances, judicial notice can be taken of a fact which will contradict testimony of a witness.

The question of whether the matter was collateral in this case is not easy.One test of whether a fact is collateral is whether the fact is independently provable.If the fact is independently provable it is not collateral.Generally, two kinds of facts meet this test: Those that are relevant to the substantive issue in the case and those facts that show bias, interest, conviction of a crime, or want of capacity, opportunity, or knowledge of the witness.3A Wigmore on Evidence §§ 1004, 1005.The mother's testimony does not seem to fall into either category and is therefore collateral.

At most, the statement by the mother would be one of "good character," a fact any defendant can choose to place before a jury.Ark.Stat.Ann. § 28-1001,Rule 404(Repl.1979);Finnie v. State, 267 Ark. 638, 593 S.W.2d 32(1980).In that narrow sense the evidence might not be deemed collateral.Ark.Stat.Ann. § 28-1001,Rule 405, permits a defendant to offer evidence of his good character but that evidence is limited to testimony as to his reputation and opinion testimony.Such evidence may be directly challenged through cross-examination.Michelson v. U. S., 335 U.S. 469, 69 S.Ct. 213, 93 L.Ed. 168(1948).Or the State can rebut the evidence in kind with contrary evidence of reputation.But the State cannot produce witnesses to testify to specific acts of misconduct.McCormick's Evidence states: "... The witnesses for the prosecution are limited on direct (of their witnesses called in rebuttal) to assertions about the reputation and may not testify to particular acts or rumors thereof."McCormick's Evidence § 192.Also see29 Ark.L.Rev. 14.Rule 405(b) provides that when character or a character trait is an essential element of a charge, claim or defense, proof may be made of specific instances of misconduct.But obviously the evidence offered is not an essential element of a charge of rape.Rule 404(a)(1) speaks to a "pertinent trait of character."But there is no such character trait at issue in this case.McCormick's Evidence identifies character traits as either moral or nonmoral.The nonmoral traits are ones of care, competence, skill or sanity; the moral character traits being peacefulness, honesty and the like.McCormick's Evidence § 187.Our Rules of Evidence mention only peacefulness as a trait, Rule 404(a)(2), but do not exclude generally accepted character traits.In our judgment it is not a character trait to "worship" one's wife.As we said, if anything, such a statement might qualify as a statement of good character in general, and only that.The State chose to disprove this general statement in a completely unacceptable way; they called Kellensworth's former wife to tell the jury of specific acts of misconduct to contradict the testimony of the mother that Kellensworth "worshipped" his former wife and child.The prejudicial effect of the testimony cannot be denied.Threatening another with a deadly weapon and striking another are both criminal offenses.So, regardless of whether the statement by the mother was collateral, the court was wrong in permitting the prejudicial evidence to go to the jury.

The other issues raised by Kellensworth are without merit.It is argued that it was error for the State to allow the victim to testify that she had identified Kellensworth at a pretrial lineup because she admitted that she never saw Kellensworth's face.The defense reasons that such an identification was too improbable.But at a pretrial lineup the victim picked out Kellensworth because of his posture, hair, and build.A voice identification was conducted at which the victim could not see the speakers.Each man in the lineup spoke several phrases that the victim said were spoken by her assailant.The victim positively identified Kellensworth's voice as that of her assailant's.Identification was the issue in this case and the victim was closely cross-examined about her pretrial identifications of Kellensworth.Recently we held that a victim can tell the jury she identified her assailant in a pretrial lineup.Conley v. State, 272 Ark. 33, 612 S.W.2d 722(1981).There was no error in allowing the testimony.

A victim of another rape was allowed to testify during the State's case in chief that Kellensworth was her assailant.She was called during the State's case in rebuttal to testify that she had identified Kellensworth in a lineup and in a voice identification procedure.The State also called a detective in rebuttal who testified that this victim in the separate rape case had positively identified Kellensworth as her assailant.This evidence had not been brought out during the State's case in chief, and Kellensworth argues this was, therefore, improper rebuttal testimony.Again, identification was the critical issue in this case and Kellensworth had testified after the victim's testimony that he was not her attacker, offering evidence of an alibi.Rebuttal is a discretionary matter with the court and we cannot say that that discretion was abused.Decker v. State, 255 Ark. 138, 499 S.W.2d 612(1973);SeeArk.Stat.Ann. § 43-2114(Repl.1977).

Before the victim of the separate rape was allowed to testify that Kellensworth was her assailant the defense objected that that testimony had no relevance to the case for which Kellensworth was being tried.The testimony was allowed solely on the issue of identification.The trial court concluded that because the circumstances of the two rapes were very much alike, the other victim should be permitted to testify.Indeed we said in Tarkington v. State, 250 Ark. 972, 469 S.W.2d 93(1971), that such evidence is admissible.Norris v. State, 170 Ark. 484, 280 S.W. 398(1926).However, we do not reach that issue because it is not raised on appeal.

On appeal the objection is not that the court was wrong in permitting the evidence by the other victim, but that it was wrong in giving a cautionary instruction to the jury before the testimony because it called undue attention to the testimony and because the instruction...