Kerr v. National Endowment for the Arts

• Decision Date: 24 January 1984
• Docket Number: 83-866,Nos. 83-865,s. 83-865
• Citation: 726 F.2d 730
• Parties: John H. KERR, Petitioner, v. NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE ARTS, Respondent.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Federal Circuit

Page 730

726 F.2d 730

John H. KERR, Petitioner, v. NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE ARTS, Respondent.

Nos. 83-865, 83-866.

United States Court of Appeals Federal Circuit.

Jan. 24, 1984.

Matthew L. Myers, Washington, D.C., argued for petitioner.

Ronnie S. Alkire, Washington, D.C., argued for respondent. With him on the brief were J. Paul McGrath, Asst. Atty. Gen., David M. Cohen, Director and Sandra P. Spooner, Washington, D.C., Susan Liberman, Washington, D.C., of counsel.

Before DAVIS, Circuit Judge, NICHOLS, Senior Circuit Judge, and BALDWIN, Circuit Judge.

DAVIS, Circuit Judge.

Before us for review are two decisions of the Merit Systems Protection Board (MSPB or Board) involving the Board's cancellation of the National Endowment for the Arts' (NEA or agency) involuntary termination of petitioner John H. Kerr from his position at NEA. We vacate and remand the Board's determination of January 11, 1983, that the agency had complied with the April 9, 1981 order which had cancelled petitioner's termination, and we affirm the Board's denial of petitioner's motion for attorney fees for the litigation leading to the April 9, 1981 order.

I

Kerr was involuntarily terminated by the NEA, effective August 31, 1979, from his position as Director of Education Programs. ¹ Following petitioner's appeal of his dismissal to the MSPB's Boston Field Office, the presiding official issued an initial decision on September 2, 1980 in which he ordered that the termination action be cancelled. ² In its opinion and order dated April 9, 1981, the Board denied NEA's petition for review of this decision, and ordered the agency "to furnish evidence of compliance with the initial decision to the Field Office within ten (10) days of the date of this order".

A lengthy struggle ensued during the next several months over the agency's compliance with that order--involving petitioner, the agency, and the Boston Regional Office. After the Regional Director of the MSPB's Boston Office on October 6, 1981, set a November 5, 1981 hearing date on compliance issues, the agency (on October 8, 1981) sent petitioner a letter ordering his return to active duty on November 16, 1981. The letter indicated that petitioner was to be returned to his former position, Director of Education Programs, at the same grade and pay as he had held previously. Petitioner responded with the assertion that, between the dates of his removal and the Board's reinstatement order, NEA had shifted all the duties and responsibilities of his previously held position to another position entitled Director, Artists-In-Schools Program. He claimed that, because no new duties had been assigned to the Director of Education Programs position, it had become a "sham" position to which the agency wished to reinstate him.

A compliance hearing was held on November 6, 1981, and an initial decision issued on February 22, 1982, in which the Regional Director found that (1) the agency had improperly denied Mr. Kerr a timely return to active duty by at least eight months, and (2) the position to which the agency returned petitioner existed only on paper and was a sham. He recommended that Kerr be transferred to the position which now embodied his former duties and responsibilities, i.e., Director, Artists-In-Schools Program.

Both parties appealed the Regional Director's initial decision. NEA maintained that it had reinstated petitioner to his former position with duties comparable to his former duties; petitioner argued that the Regional Director had failed to examine whether the agency's actions had resulted from retaliation by the agency's then chairman based on personal animus.

In the January 11, 1983 opinion and order--the order now on review--the MSPB (1) sustained the presiding official's refusal to consider petitioner's retaliation claim, (2) held that the agency had complied with the Board's April 9, 1981, order (cancelling petitioner's termination) "when it returned [petitioner] to active duty in his former position..." because "[a]bsent a reduction in grade or pay, a reassignment of positions or duties is not an action appealable to the Board", and (3) agreed that the agency's failure to return Kerr to active duty within a reasonable time constituted substantial noncompliance with the Board's April 9, 1981 order, but declined to adopt several admonishments of the agency recommended by the Regional Director. Petitioner maintains that the Board erred in holding that simply reinstating him to his former title, grade and pay was sufficient to constitute compliance, and also in failing to make factual findings concerning the claim that the adverse personnel actions taken against him resulted from personal animus by NEA officials.

Before us, also, is the government's motion to dismiss this aspect of the case as moot; it is said that, even if petitioner "had very few duties upon his return to the Endowment", he now "has substantial current responsibilities". Petitioner opposes the motion, asserting that his allegation is "as accurate today as it was prior to the initiation of this appeal".

II

We hold that the MSPB erred as a matter of law in ruling that its authority over the matter of compliance ended when petitioner resumed active duty in his former position at the same grade and pay. See 5 U.S.C. Sec. 7703(c). Contrary to the Board's characterization (in its January 11, 1983 opinion) of Kerr's current complaint, the compliance issue is not an original "personnel action" concerning a reassignment of duties without change of grade or pay, actions which are generally not appealable to the Board. See 5 U.S.C. Sec. 2302(a). Rather, the real question here is that of the Board's enforcement powers over the agency's compliance with the Board's prior order of April 9, 1981. Congress expressly granted the Board special power to enforce compliance with its orders:

Powers and Functions of the Merit Systems Protection Board and Special Counsel

(a) The Merit Systems Protection Board shall--

(1) hear, adjudicate, or provide for the hearing or adjudication, of all matters within the jurisdiction of the Board under this title, section 2023 of title 38, or any other law, rule, or regulation, and, subject to otherwise applicable provisions of law, take final action on any such matter;

(2) order any Federal Agency or employee to comply with any order or decision issued by the Board under the authority granted under paragraph (1) of this subsection and enforce compliance with any such order....

5 U.S.C. Sec. 1205(a)(1)(2) (emphasis added). That the inclusion of this provision (a)(2) was meant to be a broad grant of enforcement power is indicated by the legislative history to the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978:

The committee included a provision ... making explicit the Board's enforcement authority. The Board is authorized to order any Federal agency or employee to comply with any order or decision issued by the Board pursuant to any matter within its jurisdiction, and to take appropriate steps to enforce compliance with its order.

S.Rep. No. 969, 95th Cong., 2d Sess. 29, reprinted in 1978 U.S.Code Cong. & Ad.News 2723, 2751 (emphasis added); see also id. at 2728.

The original MSPB order of April 9, 1981 directed the agency to comply with the initial (presiding official's) decision that petitioner's termination be cancelled. The purpose of such a cancellation order is to place the employee as nearly as possible in the status quo ante. ³ In our view, appropriate steps to enforce compliance must include more than the formal determination that an individual was reinstated to a position bearing the same title, grade and pay--no matter what the actual content of that position may be at the time of reinstatement. Rather, the Board should, where appropriate, also make a substantive assessment of whether the actual duties and responsibilities to which the employee was returned are either the same as or substantially equivalent in scope and status to the duties and responsibilities held prior to the wrongful discharge. Further, the Board should order corrective action in cases of non-compliance, authority for which resides in 5 U.S.C. Sec. 1205(a)(2), supra.

We cannot distinguish, in this regard, the MSPB's remedial powers from those of the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB). As the Supreme Court...