Kiger v. Meehan, 50541

• Citation: 113 N.W.2d 743,253 Iowa 746
• Decision Date: 06 March 1962
• Docket Number: No. 50541,50541
• Parties: Laurence KIGER, Appellee, v. Arley MEEHAN, Appellant.
• Court: United States State Supreme Court of Iowa

Page 743

113 N.W.2d 743

253 Iowa 746

Laurence KIGER, Appellee, v. Arley MEEHAN, Appellant.

No. 50541.

Supreme Court of Iowa.

March 6, 1962.

Mason & Stone, Mason City, for appellant.

Senneff & Pappas, Mason City, for appellee.

THOMPSON, Justice.

Plaintiff's petition at law, asking damages of the defendant because of alienation of the affections of plaintiff's wife was filed on July 29, 1960. The defendant filed his answer, in substance denying all the material allegations of the petition. Trial commenced on February 13, 1961, and resulted in a verdict for the plaintiff in the sum of $5,600. Judgment was entered on the verdict, defendant's motion for a new trial was denied, and the defendant brings this appeal, assigning eight errors.

I. The first error assigned raises the issue of sufficiency of the evidence. The defendant contends his motion for directed verdict should have been sustained. We need use no time or space in demonstrating that under these circumstances we must view the evidence in the aspect most favorable to the plaintiff which it will reasonably bear. Many authorities so hold. Another way of putting the rule is that if there is any substantial evidence supporting the submission of the case to the jury it was the duty of the trial court so to do, and we will not interfere. Some consideration of the evidence, especially that adduced by the plaintiff, becomes necessary at this point. It will not avail defendant, if there is evidence contradicting or tending to refute that favorable to the plaintiff, if the latter has made a prima facie case; and we shall not go into detail in relating what may be favorable to the defendant, at least in this division of the opinion.

Plaintiff's evidence shows these facts: Plaintiff is an electrician by trade. He and his wife were married in 1938. At times material here they lived in the small community of Portland, near Mason City. They got along fairly well until about October, 1959. They have three children: Margaret Ann, age 20; Larry Jr., age 16; and Janet Kay, age 14. These ages are as of the time of the trial. Plaintiff's wife, Margaret, was a good housewife prior to the date last stated, cooking the family meals and caring for the home. She and the plaintiff went fishing together, shopped together, occasionally went dancing and played cards together and went on picnics. In October, 1959, Mrs. Kiger was first seen by plaintiff and his son in the company of the defendant. They were parked in a car on a road five or six miles southeast of Portland. Mrs. Kiger did not return home that day and about 9 or 9:30 P.M. plaintiff and Larry Jr., started to look for her. After considerable driving around they found her sitting in the front seat of a car belonging to plaintiff, with defendant's car parked nearby. Plaintiff went to the car, opened the door and said 'What's going on here?' The defendant made no answer, but hastened to his own car and drove away.

There is a history of other meetings between Mrs. Kiger and the defendant, who is a bachelor farmer residing in the same community. Some of this comes from the plaintiff and the son Larry Jr., and some from other witnesses. At times they were seen in a parked car, at other times in taverns. At least some of the meetings might be thought by reasonable minds to merit the term 'clandestine'. On one occasion, after the commencement of the lawsuit but before the trial, the parties were discovered by the plaintiff and Larry Jr., sitting in a parked car in the rear of a tavern in Mason City, and embracing. Plaintiff followed them when they drove away over a course which eventually ended at defendant's farm. There is a record also of an exchange of kisses.

Beginning in January and February, 1960, Mrs. Kiger commenced to absent herself frequently from the family home, usually leaving in the late afternoon, 'anywhere from 4:30 to 6:30.' The plaintiff kept a record of the times she was absent, and on the trial was permitted to refresh his recollection as to the exact dates from this written memorandum, and it was introduced in evidence, over defendant's objection. Many of the dates showed Mrs. Kiger's absence until early morning hours. The plaintiff admitted he did not know where his wife was on these occasions. We shall comment on this feature of the case in a later division.

At one time the plaintiff asked his wife about her relationship with Meehan, and she replied that 'Arlie Meehan was like a disease to her.' While much of the evidence is denied, minimized, or attempts are made to explain it, we think the plaintiff made a case for determination by the jury, and of course we cannot interfere with its determination of the facts.

It is the defendant's contention that the burden was on the plaintiff to prove his case as he pleaded it; and there is no sufficient showing that he has done so. In Rank v. Kuhn, 236 Iowa 854, 857, 20 N.W.2d 72, 74, we stated the essential elements of these causes of action: '1) wrongful conduct of the defendant; 2) loss of affection or consortium; and 3) casual connection between such conduct and loss. * * * An actual intent to alienate is not necessary if defendant's conduct is inherently wrong and tends to and does have the effect complained of.' Citations and a discussion of the rule follow.

We are also committed to the rule that, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, it is presumed husband and wife have affection for each other. Glatstein v. Grund, 243 Iowa 541, 545, 51 N.W.2d 162, 166, 36 A.L.R.2d 531, and cases cited. Likewise less proof is required to support an action of this sort against a stranger than against a parent. Glatstein v. Grund, supra, loc. cit. 243 Iowa 545, 51 N.W.2d 166. We think the defendant's conduct in associating with the wife of another as plaintiff's evidence shows he did, was 'wrongful conduct' within the meaning of the definition above. It would require the most liberal view of marital conduct to consider it otherwise.

There is evidence for the defendant that the plaintiff lost nothing in the way of wifely affection by defendant's conduct, because he did not have it before. But plaintiff's evidence is that he did have such affection and he is aided by the presumption set out above. Of course the causal connection between the wrongful conduct and plaintiff's loss must also appear. Here we enter into a field where direct proof is not possible. Mrs. Kiger denies having had any affection for the plaintiff, and so of course defendant's actions were not the cause of its loss. But we must consider that by plaintiff's evidence there was a loss of affections, and this loss commenced at the time of Mrs. Kiger's association with the defendant. A trier of facts might well infer there was a casual relation.

II. Assigned errors Nos. 2 and 3 are related, and will be considered together. No. 2 complains that the list of dates when Mrs. Kiger was absent from home, as shown by the memorandum admitted into evidence, was inadmissible as 'immaterial, the witness having no personal knowledge and we object to the use of Exhibit A (the paper showing list of dates) for any purpose.'

That part of the objection 'we object to the use of Exhibit A for any purpose' raised no real question. It did not point out why the defendant objected or what defect was claimed. The only real ground urged was that the memorandum was immaterial, because the plaintiff had no personal knowledge. By this we assume the point raised was that the exhibit was inadmissible because the plaintiff did not know whether Mrs. Kiger was with the defendant, and so it was not binding on him.

But we think it was admissible to show loss of affection. Certainly repeated absences from the home, especially in the evenings when the family would normally be together, might be acceptable proof on that point. We said in Glatstein v. Grund, supra, loc. cit. 243 Iowa 548, 51 N.W.2d 167; 'In an action like this, though the husband (wife) is not a party, his conduct as well as defendant's, is directly involved. * * * Such evidence is not competent to show defendant in fact exerted a wrongful influence or said or did the things charged.' Several authorities are cited.

The defendant did not ask the court to admonish the jury, at the time the claimed objectionable evidence was received, that it was admissible only for the limited purpose of showing Mrs. Kiger's affections had been alienated nor did he ask any instruction so limiting. However, he now predicates error on the giving of Instruction No. 10, which was in effect a stock instruction on circumstantial evidence, defining it and outlining the weight to be given to or denied it. It is his thought that if there was any circumstantial evidence in the case, it was only that above referred to in this division. He excepted to the giving of No. 10 because such an instruction had no proper place in the case; and 'that under this instruction it would permit the jury to find that the defendant was guilty of some conduct which was either controlling or a substantial factor in the plaintiff's wife being absent from the house on the dates indicated in the testimony of the plaintiff when in fact he testified that he did not make any such claim. That the, that his wife had been with the defendant on those dates; that it would permit the jury to speculate as to where she was, who she was with, and that the conduct of the defendant on those occasions was wrongful and a controlling or substantial cause in her being absent when there is no evidence in the record to support such an instruction * * *.' (Italics supplied)

'Circumstantial...