King v. State

• Decision Date: 02 June 1948
• Docket Number: No. 24048.,24048.
• Citation: 213 S.W.2d 541
• Parties: KING v. STATE.
• Court: Texas Court of Criminal Appeals

213 S.W.2d 541

KING v. STATE.

No. 24048.

Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas.

June 2, 1948.

Rehearing Denied October 6, 1948.

Commissioners' Decision.

Appeal from District Court, Brown County; A. O. Newman, Judge.

F. L. King was convicted of automobile theft, and he appeals.

Judgment affirmed.

J. C. Darroch, of Brownwood, for appellant.

Ernest S. Goens, State's Atty., of Austin, for the State.

KRUEGER, Judge.

The offense is theft of an automobile over the value of Fifty Dollars. The punishment assessed is confinement in the state penitentiary for a period of two years.

Appellant's first contention is that the evidence is not sufficient to establish his guilt of the offense of theft; that if he is guilty of anything, it is swindling. The solution to this question rests in the evidence.

The record shows that on the 15th day of May, 1947, M. W. Price was engaged in buying and selling automobiles. On that day, appellant came to Mr. Price's place of business and purchased a 1941 model automobile and gave Mr. Price his check in the sum of Eleven Hundred Dollars. He told Mr. Price that he had the money in the bank and it would be paid on presentation to the First National Bank of Brownwood, against which it was drawn; that he, Price, relied on the statement made to him by appellant and delivered the automobile to him; that when the check was presented for payment on the following morning, payment was refused for want of funds in the bank to the credit of appellant. The record further shows that appellant had not had any money in the bank to his credit since the 14th day of July, 1944. About 3 or 4 days later, appellant was arrested in Harris County, Texas, where the automobile in question was found in a junk shop. Appellant made a voluntary confession which was introduced in evidence. He did not testify or offer any affirmative defense.

Appellant takes the position that if he is guilty of any offense under the foregoing facts, it is swindling and not theft. We do not agree with this contention since the prosecution proceeded under Art. 1413, P.C., which provides as follows:

"The taking must be wrongful, so that if the property came into the possession of the person accused of theft by lawful means, the subsequent appropriation of it is not theft, but if the taking, though originally lawful, was obtained by any false pretext, or with any intent to deprive the owner of the value thereof, and appropriate the property to the use and benefit of the person taking, and the same is so appropriated, the offense of theft is complete."

The constituent elements of theft by false pretext consist, first, in obtaining the property by means of a false pretext; second, that at the time the property is so obtained the accused had the intent to deprive the owner of the value thereof and to appropriate it to his own use and benefit; and third, that pursuant to said intent said property was appropriated by the accused.

The uncontroverted facts show that appellant, with a view of obtaining the possession of the automobile in question, gave Mr. Price a worthless check which he knew to be worthless. By his fraudulent statements to Mr. Price that it was good; that it would be paid when presented to the bank since he had the money in the bank, he induced Mr. Price to deliver unto him the automobile, otherwise he would not have parted with the possession of the same. The evidence clearly and unmistakeably shows the false pretext and also shows the fraudulent intent of appellant to deprive Price of the automobile and to appropriate it to his own use and benefit which he did.

He contends that the false representations made by him related solely to past and present facts and not to anything in the future and thus the evidence shows a case of swindling and not theft by false pretext. He cites us to the following cases as sustaining his contention, to-wit: Johnson v. State, 144 Tex.Cr.R. 392, 162 S.W.2d 980; Dix v. State, 136 Tex.Cr.R. 296, 124 S.W.2d 998; and York v. State, 140 Tex. Cr.R. 199, 143 S.W.2d 770. We have again reviewed the case of Johnson v. State, supra, but fail to see any benefit which he may derive from that case. In that case, as in the instant case, the appellant contended that if guilty of any offense it was swindling and not theft, yet, this court disagreed with him and affirmed the judgment of conviction for the offense of theft. In the case of Dix v. State, supra, the injured party intended to part with the title to the property as well as its possession while in the instant case the injured party retained the title and parted only with the possession of the automobile.

In the case of Gibson v. State, 85 Tex. Cr.R. 462, 214 S.W. 341, 342, this court, speaking through Judge Lattimore, said, "The distinction between the offense of swindling and theft by false pretext, as deduced from the opinions of this court, seems to depend upon whether the injured party was induced to part or intended to part with both title and possession of his property, in which event the case is swindling, or whether he intended to part only with possession, in which event it will be theft by false pretext." However, we do not wish to be understood as holding that such is the sole distinction between swindling and theft by false pretext as pointed out by Judge Morrow in the case of De Blanc v. State, 118 Tex.Cr.R., 628 37 S.W.2d 1024.

It occurs to us that perhaps appellant has overlooked Art. 1549, Vernon's Ann. P.C., as amended by the 48th Legislature, which provides as follows:

"Where property, money, or other articles of value enumerated in the definition of swindling, are obtained in such manner that the acquisition thereof constitutes both swindling and some other offense, the party thus offending shall be amenable to prosecution at the state's election for swindling or for such other offense committed by him by the unlawful acquisition of said property in such manner."

"If, however, the facts in this case should be held to constitute swindling under Art. 1545, P.C., it cannot be successfully asserted that the facts would not authorize a jury to find that possession of the automobile was obtained by false pretext, with the intent to deprive the owner of the value thereof, and with the intent to appropriate the same to the use and benefit of appellant. Under such circumstances, he would also be guilty of theft by fraudulent pretext. Such is the holding in the case of De Blanc v. State, supra, as we understand the holding of this court.

In our opinion, the evidence is sufficient to authorize the...