Kingsbur v. Com.

• Decision Date: 05 March 2004
• Docket Number: Record No. 031016.
• Citation: Kingsbur v. Com., 593 S.E.2d 208, 267 Va. 348 (2004)
• Parties: Lafate KINGSBUR, III v. COMMONWEALTH of Virginia.
• Court: Virginia Supreme Court

593 S.E.2d 208

267 Va. 348

Lafate KINGSBUR, III v. COMMONWEALTH of Virginia.

Record No. 031016.

Supreme Court of Virginia.

March 5, 2004.

Charles B. Lustig, Assistant Public Defender, for appellant.

Kathleen B. Martin, Assistant Attorney General (Jerry W. Kilgore, Attorney General, on brief), for appellee.

Present: All the Justices.

LACY, Justice.

Lafate Kingsbur, III, appeals the judgment of the Court of Appeals affirming his conviction for possession of a firearm by a convicted felon in violation of Code 18.2-308.2. Kingsbur contends that the Commonwealth failed to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the handgun he possessed qualified as a firearm under the statute. Because we conclude that the trial court's factual determination that the handgun was a firearm was not plainly wrong or without evidence to support it, we will affirm the judgment of the Court of Appeals.

FACTS

On the evening of October 1, 2001, two officers of the Portsmouth Police Department saw Kingsbur outside Swanson Homes, a Portsmouth housing project. One of the officers saw a white grocery bag "wrapped up" in Kingsbur's hand. When the officers approached, Kingsbur put the bag down next to a trash can. The officers told Kingsbur that he was under arrest for trespassing.

Suspecting that Kingsbur had a weapon or drugs, the officers retrieved the white bag and found a handgun inside. Kingsbur told the officers he had found the gun in a park earlier and was "trying to find somewhere to throw it down." Kingsbur testified that he wanted to dispose of the handgun because he did not want it to fall into a child's hands and that he knew the gun did not work because the "chambers . . . fell off" when he picked up the gun. He also testified that he put the gun down by the trash can because he did not want to get caught with it. There were no bullets in the gun. Kingsbur was charged with a violation of Code § 18.2-308.2.

The certificate of analysis admitted as an exhibit at Kingsbur's bench trial stated that the gun was a Davis Industries, Model P-32,.32 caliber automatic pistol. The certificate also stated that the pistol "does not function and could not be test fired" because there were ten missing parts. Kingsbur argued that the handgun's state of disrepair rendered it inoperable and, therefore, that the Commonwealth failed to show that the handgun he possessed was a firearm within the meaning of Code § 18.2-308.2.

The trial court applied the Court of Appeals' opinion in Armstrong v. Commonwealth, 36 Va.App. 312, 549 S.E.2d 641 (2001) (en banc). In that opinion, the Court of Appeals held that for purposes of Code § 18.2-308.2 a "firearm" was an instrument "made with the purpose to expel a projectile by gunpowder or other explosion" and that proof of present operability was not required. Id. at 321-22, 549 S.E.2d at 645-46. Accordingly, the trial court rejected Kingsbur's motion to strike the Commonwealth's evidence based on the inoperability of the handgun. Kingsbur was convicted of possession of a firearm by a convicted felon and sentenced to five years in prison.

The Court of Appeals affirmed Kingsbur's conviction based on this Court's opinion in Armstrong v. Commonwealth, 263 Va. 573, 584, 562 S.E.2d 139, 145 (2002). Kingsbur v. Commonwealth, 40 Va.App. 307, 311, 579 S.E.2d 357, 359 (2003).

DISCUSSION

Kingsbur argues here, as he did in the Court of Appeals, that the trial court should have granted his motion to strike the Commonwealth's evidence because the evidence failed to show that Kingsbur possessed a firearm within the meaning of Code § 18.2-308.2. Kingsbur asserts that, under this Court's opinion in Armstrong, a firearm that has lost the characteristic of firing a projectile by means of an explosion is no longer a firearm for purposes of the statute. Here the evidence showed that the handgun at issue could not be test fired, did not function, was missing parts, and "came apart" in Kingsbur's hands when he first picked it up. These facts, Kingsbur asserts, show that the handgun was in such a state of disrepair that it ceased to function as a firearm within the meaning of Code § 18.2-308.2. Kingsbur also asserted that it was the burden of the Commonwealth to prove that the handgun had not lost its characteristics as a firearm.

In Armstrong, we approved the holding of the Court of Appeals that a firearm is an instrument which was "designed, made, and intended to expel a projectile by means of an explosion." 263 Va. at 585, 562 S.E.2d at 146. In a footnote we stated:

Common sense and experience leave no room for doubt that an instrument originally designed, made, and intended to expel a projectile by force of an explosion can lose this characteristic in many ways such that it would no longer be fairly considered a firearm.

Id. at 584 n. 6, 562 S.E.2d at 145 n. 6. This statement, upon which Kingsbur relies, refers to exceptional circumstances and not simply a showing of disrepair that might preclude expelling a projectile by explosion at a particular point in time. Id. at 584, 562 S.E.2d at 146.

Contrary to Kingsbur's assertions, the Commonwealth did not have the burden of disproving that the handgun...