Klein v. De Rosa

• Decision Date: 20 March 1951
• Citation: Klein v. De Rosa, 79 A.2d 773, 137 Conn. 586 (Conn. 1951)
• Court: Connecticut Supreme Court
• Parties: KLEIN v. DE ROSA et al. Supreme Court of Errors of Connecticut

Page 773

79 A.2d 773

137 Conn. 586

KLEIN v. DE ROSA et al.

Supreme Court of Errors of Connecticut.

March 20, 1951.

Samuel Rosenthal, Hartford, Morris S. Falk, Hartford, for appellants.

Henry J. Goldberg, Hartford, Jacob Schwolsky, Hartford, for appellee.

Before BROWN, C. J., and JENNINGS, BALDWIN, INGLIS and O'SULLIVAN, JJ.

BALDWIN, Judge.

This appeal presents the question whether the court erred in granting injunctive relief against the defendants' interference with the plaintiff's claimed right to use a walk leading from the public highway over the defendants' land to the rear of the plaintiff's premises.

The finding is not subject to correction. It may be summarized as follows: In 1926 Max H. Klein, father of the plaintiff, owned two adjoining parcels of land in Hartford, with dwelling houses thereon. One parcel was located at the northeast corner of Center and Fairmont Streets. The second, fronting west on Center Street, adjoined it on the north. In that year Klein razed the dwelling on the corner lot and built an apartment house with accommodations for twelve tenants. The rear entrances to the apartments were on the north side of the building, facing the adjoining property. Two concrete sidewalks were constructed to serve these entrances. One led north from Fairmount Street around the east end of the apartment house. The other led east from Center Street forty feet along the north side of the apartment house to a corner of that building, where it divided, one part leading to the porches of the apartment house and the other to the rear of the dwelling on the second parcel. The south edge of the walk was approximately on the dividing line between the properties. The plaintiff has lived in the apartment house since 1926. She obtained title to it from her father's estate in 1930. Title to the second parcel was acquired by foreclosure against Klein's estate in 1930 and passed through various conveyances to the defendants in 1937 and 1938. The plaintiff has used the walk leading from Center Street since the apartment house was built. She believed that it was a mutual right of way and that she had a right to use it. She had never sought permission from anyone. The walk was used by tenants in the apartment house and by those making deliveries there continuously and without interruption from 1926 to 1947. There has been a sign on the Center Street side of the building, near this walk, since 1926 indicating that deliveries are to be made to the rear entrance. The defendants knew of this use from the time they purchased the premises and made no complaint. In 1947 they erected a fence along Center Street across the front of their property. The most southerly post in this fence was located on the plaintiff's land. At the west end of the walk on the street line, the defendants placed a gate, which they kept locked. The plaintiff then instituted the present action.

The application of well-established rules of law to these facts is determinative of this case in the plaintiff's favor. To acquire a right of way by prescription, there must have been a use which was open and visible, continuous and uninterrupted for fifteen years, and made under a claim of right. Aksomitas v. South End Realty Co., 136 Conn. 277, 281, 70 A.2d 552; C. B. Alling Realty Co. v. Olderman, 90 Conn. 241, 247, 96 A. 944; General Statutes § 7130; Jones, Eastments, §§ 164, 269; 17 Am.Jur. 971, § 59. The use must have been so open, visible and apparent that it gave the owner of the servient land knowledge and full opportunity to assert his own rights. Ricci v. Naples, 108 Conn. 19, 25, 142 A. 452; Exley v. Gallivan, 96 Conn. 676, 679, 115 A. 482. Whether a right of way by prescription has been acquired presents primarily a question of fact for the trier after the nature and character of the use and the surrounding circumstances have been considered. Horowitz v. F. E. Spencer Co., 132 Conn. 373, 377, 44 A.2d 702; West v. H. J. Lewis Oyster Co., 99 Conn. 55, 67, 121 A. 462; Bradley's Fish Co. v. Dudley, 37 Conn. 136, 147.

The defendants admit that the use of this way was open and visible but contend that it was permissive. Whether the use has been adverse or permissive is likewise a matter of fact to be determined by the trier. Phillips v. Bonadies, 105 Conn. 722, 727, 136 A. 684. Even in a case where the use began as the result of an ineffective or invalid grant, that fact does not engate its adverse character but tends rather to emphasize that it was made under a claim of right. C. B. Alling Realty Co. v. Olderman, supra; Comins v. Comins, 21 Conn. 413, 416; Legg v. Horn, 45 Conn. 409, 415.

It is further contended that no prescriptive right in favor of the plaintiff could arise as against the defendants prior to 1937 and 1938, when they acquired title, because they took without notice of the plaintiff's user. A complete answer to this is in the findings that at that time it was apparent that the walk led to the rear porches of the apartment house and also that there was a sign on the corner of the building near the walk directing that deliveries were to be made at the rear entrance. The existence of these physical conditions was enough to put the defendants on notice that the walk was being used by the plaintiff under a claim of right. Alderman v. City of New Haven, 81 Conn. 137, 141, 70 A. 626, 18 L.R.A.,N.S., 74; New York, N. H. & H. R. Co. v. Russell, 83 Conn. 581, 595, 78 A. 324; Carney v. Hennessey, 74 Conn. 107, 111, 49 A. 910, 53 L.R.A. 699; School District v. Lynch, 33 Conn. 330, 334.

The defendants argue that a finding of user by tenants of the plaintiff cannot inure to her benefit. Such a finding showed the nature of the use to which the way was put and tended to establish its character. Hawley v. McCabe, 117 Conn. 558, 560, 169 A. 192. Furthermore, user by the tenants of the dominant estate of a right of way over the servient estate as an appurtenance of the premises leased to them inures to the benefit of the lessor. The plaintiff could establish a right of way across the defendants' land for the use of her tenants by showing that they used the walk as a common way for entering and leaving their apartments and that their user was in fact appurtenant to, and a right to be enjoyed in connection with, the premises they occupied under their leases. Deregibus v. Silberman Furniture Co., 121 Conn. 633, 638, 639, 186 A. 553, 105 A.L.R. 1183; Capps v. Merrifield, 227...