Klemme v. Best
| Decision Date | 25 February 1997 |
| Docket Number | No. 78949,78949 |
| Citation | 941 S.W.2d 493 |
| Court | Missouri Supreme Court |
| Parties | Byron KLEMME, Appellant, v. Robert B. BEST, Jr., individually and as a member of Watson & Marshall, L.C. and Watson & Marshall, L.C., an assignee of Watson, Ess, Marshall and Enggas, formerly a partnership, Respondents, and James Linzie, et al., Defendants. |
Albert J. Yonke, Bruce C. Jackson, Jr., Kansas City, for Appellant.
Dale C. Doerhoff, Jefferson City, for Respondents.
Byron Klemme sued attorney Robert B. Best, Jr., and his law firm Watson & Marshall, L.C., alleging breach of fiduciary duty and constructive fraud. The circuit court dismissed the petition due to failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted and the bar of the statute of limitations, § 516.120. 1 Following opinion by the Court of Appeals, this Court granted transfer. Mo. Const. art. V, § 10; Rule 83.03. Affirmed.
On May 29, 1986, James and Cathy Linzie filed a 42 U.S.C. § 1983 action in federal court against the city of Columbia, the Joint Communications Center and seven police officers, including "Officer Klemme." The Linzies alleged that Klemme and the other officers intentionally killed their nineteen-year-old daughter. Best represented all defendants until February 1987, when Klemme retained separate counsel. On February 19, 1987, the federal court dismissed Klemme with prejudice because the facts did not support a claim against him.
On February 19, 1988, Klemme filed a malicious prosecution action in state court against the Linzies and their attorneys. On September 19, 1994, Klemme filed a fourth amended petition joining Best and Watson & Marshall for the first time.
On April 25, 1995, the circuit court dismissed Best and Watson & Marshall because:
[Klemme's] petition fails to state a claim against defendants Best and Watson & Marshall L.C. upon which relief may be granted. Specifically, plaintiff has failed to allege facts which, if true, would make a submissible case against these defendants under any recognized theory of Missouri law. The court further finds that the factual allegations in the Fourth Amended Petition show on their face that the claims plaintiff is attempting to assert against defendants Best and Watson & Marshall L.C. are barred by the applicable statute of limitations, § 516.120 RSMo 1986.
The circuit court, finding no just reason for delay, designated the judgment final on these claims. Rule 74.01(b).
A motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim may be sustained only where the petition fails to allege facts essential to a recovery. ITT Commercial Fin. Corp. v. Mid-America Marine Supply Corp., 854 S.W.2d 371, 376 (Mo. banc 1993). In determining whether sufficient facts exist, the petition is broadly construed in the plaintiff's favor, with all allegations and reasonable inferences accepted as true. Sheehan v. Sheehan, 901 S.W.2d 57, 58 (Mo. banc 1995).
The petition alleges the following facts. Before the filing of the federal complaint, Klemme's attorney Best discussed with opposing counsel the identity of each officer involved in the shooting. Opposing counsel presented Best a draft copy naming "Officer Klemme" as a defendant. Although Best knew Klemme did not participate in the shooting, he did not so inform opposing counsel, allegedly to advance the interest of the city of Columbia and its self-insured association that had retained Best. Best did, however, inform opposing counsel that another officer named in the draft complaint did not participate, and opposing counsel eliminated him as a defendant in the filed complaint. Klemme claims that he first discovered the pre-complaint dealings at depositions of these attorneys in March and April 1994.
Klemme asserts that Best violated the fiduciary duties of fidelity, loyalty, devotion, and good faith. Summarizing these allegations, Klemme characterizes his claims as "constructive fraud and breach of fiduciary duty."
This Court recently defined the elements of a legal malpractice action: (1) an attorney-client relationship; (2) negligence or breach of contract by the defendant; (3) proximate causation of plaintiff's damages; (4) damages to the plaintiff. Donahue v. Shughart, Thomson & Kilroy, P.C., 900 S.W.2d 624, 626 (Mo. banc 1995). A legal malpractice action thus is founded on an attorney's duty to exercise due care or to honor express contract commitments. In addition, an attorney has the basic fiduciary obligations of undivided loyalty and confidentiality. Ronald E. Mallen and Jeffrey M. Smith, LEGAL MALPRACTICE, § 14.1 at 227 (4th ed. 1996), citing Shaffer v. Terrydale Management Corp., 648 S.W.2d 595 (Mo.App.1983); Gardine v. Cottey, 360 Mo. 681, 230 S.W.2d 731 (1950).
A breach of a fiduciary obligation is constructive fraud. Gardine v. Cottey, 360 Mo. 681, 230 S.W.2d 731, 739 (1950); In re Oliver, 365 Mo. 656, 285 S.W.2d 648, 655 (1956). Constructive fraud is a long-recognized cause of action. Baker v. Humphrey, 101 U.S. 494, 502, 25 L.Ed. 1065 (1879); 1 Joseph Story, EQUITY JURISPRUDENCE, 252-422, esp. 301-09 (12th ed. 1877). Missouri courts typically label these claims as breach of fiduciary duty. See In re Buder, 358 Mo. 796, 217 S.W.2d 563, 572, 573-75 (1949); Lehnig v. Bornhop, 859 S.W.2d 271, 272-73 (Mo.App.1993); Jarnagin v. Terry, 807 S.W.2d 190, 194 (Mo.App.1991); Cain v. Hershewe, 760 S.W.2d 146, 148, (Mo.App.1988); Jo. B. Gardner, Inc. v. Beanland, 611 S.W.2d 317, 320-21 (Mo.App.1980). But see Rose v. Summers, Compton, Wells & Hamburg, P.C., 887 S.W.2d 683, 687 (Mo.App.1994). Whether characterized as breach of fiduciary duty or constructive fraud, the elements of such a claim are: (1) an attorney-client relationship; (2) breach of a fiduciary obligation by the attorney; (3) proximate causation; (4) damages to the client; (5) no other recognized tort encompasses the facts alleged. See generally Johnson v. Smith's Administrator, 27 Mo. 591, 592-93 (1859); Swon v. Huddleston, 282 S.W.2d 18, 25-26 (Mo.1955).
The second and fifth elements distinguish this claim from a legal malpractice action. The rationale for the second element is clear: "[A] breach of the standard of care is negligence, and a breach of a fiduciary obligation is constructive fraud." LEGAL MALPRACTICE, § 8.10 at 600, citing Gardine v. Cottey, supra. The fifth element flows from Donahue. Because the alleged breach of fiduciary duty in Donahue was "dependent on" the existence of attorney negligence, this Court held that the alleged breach was "no more than an action for attorney malpractice." Donahue, 900 S.W.2d at 629-30. If the alleged breach can be characterized as both a breach of the standard of care (legal malpractice based on negligence) and a breach of a fiduciary obligation (constructive fraud), then the sole claim is legal malpractice. See Donahue, 900 S.W.2d at 630. Donahue does not, however, preclude an action for breach of fiduciary duty or constructive fraud where the alleged breach is independent of any legal malpractice.
Best consistently denies that Missouri recognizes breach of fiduciary duty or constructive fraud as a claim against one's attorney. Best relies on the following court of appeals' statement: Williams v. Preman, 911 S.W.2d 288, 301 (Mo.App.1995) (emphasis added). As support, the court of appeals cited this Court's decision in Donahue v. Shughart, Thomson & Kilroy, P.C., 900 S.W.2d 624 (Mo. banc 1995).
This interpretation of Donahue is incorrect. Clients may sue their attorneys for torts other than legal malpractice. As indicated, an attorney may breach a fiduciary duty to a client at any time during their relationship. Williams v. Preman is overruled insofar as it holds otherwise. Williams v. Preman, 911 S.W.2d 288, 301 (Mo.App.1995).
On the other hand, Klemme repeatedly invokes another appellate court statement: "When an attorney intentionally commits an act of misconduct in representing his or her client's interest... an action may lie for breach of fiduciary duty or constructive fraud." Arana v. Koerner, 735 S.W.2d 729, 735 (Mo.App.1987) (emphasis added). Proof of an attorney's intent is not required to establish breach of fiduciary duty or constructive fraud. See Fix v. Fix, 847 S.W.2d 762, 765 (Mo. banc 1993); LEGAL MALPRACTICE, § 8.10 at 599-600, § 14.3 at 237. Arana v. Koerner is overruled to the extent it indicates otherwise. Arana v. Koerner, 735 S.W.2d 729, 735 (Mo.App.1987).
Klemme has alleged facts that constitute the tort of breach of fiduciary duty or constructive fraud against his attorney: Best and Klemme had an attorney-client relationship; Best breached his fiduciary obligation by placing the interests of other clients before Klemme's; this breach proximately caused Klemme damages; no other recognized tort encompasses Klemme's claim. The circuit court erred in finding that Klemme's petition failed to state a claim.
The trial court did not err, however, in dismissing Klemme's petition against Best and Watson & Marshall. If it clearly appears from the petition that a cause of action is barred by limitations, a motion to dismiss on that ground is properly sustained. Sheehan, 901 S.W.2d at 59; Miller v. Larson, 712 S.W.2d 56, 58 (Mo.App.1986).
The threshold issue is whether breach of fiduciary duty or constructive fraud is governed by § 516.120(4) or § 516.120(5). Section 516.120(4) applies to "an action for taking, detaining, or injuring any goods or chattels, ..., or any other injury to the person or rights of another, not arising in contract and not herein otherwise enumerated;" § 516.120(4). Actions for legal...
To continue reading
Request your trial
-
Mcpherson v. U.S. Physicians Mut.
...43 S.W.3d 293, 303 (Mo. banc 2001), was an agent of the Receiver's and, thus, a fiduciary, as was Receiver's counsel, Sauer P.C., Klerrone v. Best, 941 S.W.2d 493, 495 (Mo. banc Sauer as SDR had broad powers over the receivership estate, see § 375.1182, thus making her a trustee, a fiduciar......
-
Rosenberg v. Shostak
...or breach of contract by the defendant; (3) proximate causation of plaintiff's damages; [and] (4) damages to the plaintiff.” Klemme v. Best, 941 S.W.2d 493, 495 (Mo. banc 1997). A defendant moving for summary judgment may establish a right to judgment as a matter of law by demonstrating tha......
-
Rosenberg v. Shostak
...or breach of contract by the defendant; (3) proximate causation of plaintiff's damages; [and] (4) damages to the plaintiff." Klemme v. Best, 941 S.W.2d 493, 495 (Mo. banc 1997). A defendant moving for summary judgment may establish a right to judgment as a matter of law by demonstrating tha......
-
Morris v. Margulis
...(134 Ill.2d R. 1.6(c)(3)) and Williams v. Preman, 911 S.W.2d 288, 302 (Mo.Ct.App.1995), overruled on other grounds by Klemme v. Best, 941 S.W.2d 493, 496 (Mo.1997), Bryan Cave alleges it was free to disclose any confidences it might have learned from Morris to defend itself against an accus......
-
Breach of fiduciary duty and punitive damages.
...Trust Corp. v. Holland & Knight, 832 F.Supp. 1528 (S.D. Fla. 1993); In re Ackerman, 330 N.E.2d 322 (Ind. 1975). (11.) Klemme v. Best, 941 S.W.2d 493 (Mo. (12.) Quintilliani v. Mannerino, 72 Cal.Rptr.2d 359 (Cal.App. 1998). (13.) Mosier v. Southern California Physicians Ins. Exch., 74 Ca......