Kley v. Abell

• Decision Date: 18 July 1972
• Docket Number: No. 34194,34194
• Citation: Kley v. Abell, 483 S.W.2d 625 (Mo. App. 1972)
• Parties: Leonard E. KLEY, Plaintiff-Respondent, v. Warren ABELL, Jr., Defendant-Appellant. . Louis District, Division One
• Court: Missouri Court of Appeals

Page 625

483 S.W.2d 625

Leonard E. KLEY, Plaintiff-Respondent, v. Warren ABELL, Jr., Defendant-Appellant.

No. 34194.

Missouri Court of Appeals, St. Louis District, Division One.

July 18, 1972.

Fitzsimmons & Fitzsimmons, Clayton, for defendant-appellant.

Thurman, Nixon, Smith & Howald, Hillsboro, for plaintiff-respondent.

BRADY, Chief Judge.

Plaintiff initiated this action for injuries arising out of an automobile accident. Defendant appeals from a jury verdict of $15,000.00 in favor of plaintiff. He alleges reversible error in refusing to test the competency and impartiality of Marvin Kley, plaintiff's brother, to act as interpreter for plaintiff.

Plaintiff submitted a motion to dismiss this appeal based upon an improper statement of facts. Defendant's brief does contain a concise statement of the facts followed by a statement of the testimony of each witness. This is permissible. Triplett v. Wyatt, Mo.App., 360 S.W.2d 386. We have determined that the interests of justice require our action in this case. Plaintiff's motion is denied.

The accident in question occurred in the late evening hours on January 8, 1969 in St. Louis County, Missouri, and involved three automobiles. Plaintiff in this case is a 37-year-old man who is afflicted with a hearing and speech disability rendering him what is commonly called a deaf-mute. The nature of our inquiry renders testimony summarization unnecessary.

Prior to the actual commencement of the trial the attorneys for both sides met with the trial court in chambers. At that conference the defendant's attorney stated that he understood the plaintiff to be a deafmute who had no education, could neither read nor write, and was capable of communicating only by means of making grunts, gestures and motions. Plaintiff's attorney stated that any member of his family could understand plaintiff but that his brother, Marvin Kley, could best do so. He also indicated that plaintiff was capable of writing some things. Defendant's attorney requested the court to decide outside the hearing of the jury the competency of the plaintiff to communicate and of Marvin Kley to interpret his communications. He also objected to any member of the family acting as interpreter because of their bias, prejudice and interest in the case. Plaintiff's counsel stated he had no objection to a preliminary hearing outside the presence of the jury to determine competency. The court overruled the motion regarding the competency of plaintiff to testify and the competency of his brother to interpret for him, but stated he would allow Marvin's familial relationship to be explained to the jury.

After selection of the jury the defendant was allowed to examine Marvin Kley on voir dire prior to his testimony and his oath as an interpreter. Marvin was 32 years of age and had lived with his parents and plaintiff for 26 years prior to his marriage. He stated that he had no training in the field of communicating with deafmutes and that while plaintiff had attended the Institute for the Deaf in St. Louis for approximately one year he knew very little of the acceptable sign language normally employed by such people. Marvin testified he could understand many of the things plaintiff tried to communicate and he could do so better than anyone else by signs which he and plaintiff made and which were their own language developed since they were very young. He indicated plaintiff could read lips to a certain extent and he could hear sounds and noises which were a little louder than normal voices.

During the trial plaintiff called Judy Kley, wife of Marvin, as a witness. On cross examination Mrs. Kley stated that she could understand some of the things the plaintiff said but mostly she wrote things down. Plaintiff's mother, Elsie Kley, testified that the plaintiff could read and write, and that she could understand him. She stated that he had learned to write at home and that he was learning to speak; that he was not totally deaf.

After the voir dire examination of Marvin, the plaintiff was duly sworn. The record reflects the following with regard to the questions and answers communicated between the interpreter and the plaintiff: '(All answers given during direct and cross examination of the plaintiff, Leonard E. Kley, are answered by Marvin Kley, acting as interpreter, after having communicated with the witness by various unrecordable oral sounds and by various gestures with his hands, arms and body; the witness, thereupon, by the same method communicated to the interpreter a response.)' Examination of the plaintiff was then conducted through the interpreter. Plaintiff's answers consisted of statements made through the interpreter and indications of directions and points by plaintiff on different exhibits. In some instances Marvin would write on a pad and pass the pad to plaintiff who would write a reply and return it to the interpreter. None of these writings are contained in the record of trial and there is nothing to indicate that they were shown either to the court or to the defendant.

Research has failed to disclose any other case dealing with the precise issue here presented but there are some lamp posts to light our path. The basic principles are well established. Statutory enactment empowers our courts to appoint interpreters or translators from time to time. Section 476.060, RSMo 1969, V.A.M.S. Such appointments generally rest within the discretion of the trial court, State v. Aguelera, 326 Mo. 1205, 33 S.W.2d 901; State v. McGinnis, 158 Mo. 105, 59 S.W. 83, as does the manner of examination of a witness in open court. Daudt v. Steiert, Mo., 205 S.W. 222. It is equally well established that the competency of a witness to testify is a matter for the trial court, not the jury. State v. Cox, Mo., 352 S.W.2d 665; State v. Stidham, Mo., 305 S.W.2d 7.

Those cases dealing with the testimony of witnesses unable to speak or hear have uniformly held that they are not thereby deemed incompetent merely because of that disability. State v. Howard, 118 Mo. 127, 24 S.W. 41, one of the first cases so holding, was an appeal from a murder conviction where one of the witnesses could neither read nor write and had no knowledge of any language. The record did not disclose how the testimony was elicited. Answering the contention the witness was incompetent the court stated at l.c. 45 of 24 S.W.: 'Such unfortunate persons may be witnesses, if able to communicate their ideas by signs, through the medium of an interpreter, or by writing, if they write and read writing; and even if the witness can write, this does not prevent his testimony from being communicated by signs. Either way may be adopted.' This principle was reaffirmed in State v. Smith, 203 Mo. 695, 102 S.W. 526, wherein the prosecutrix in a rape case was deaf and dumb. The witness in Smith could read and write and knew acceptable sign language. Defendant alleged error by trial court in appointing the interpreter, an instructor at the State Deaf and Dumb Institution, because of bias and prejudice. Answering this contention the Supreme Court held at l.c. 528 of 102 S.W.: 'This was a matter for the determination of the...