Koenig v. Bedell

• Decision Date: 29 October 1992
• Docket Number: No. 42A01-9112-CV-389,42A01-9112-CV-389
• Citation: Koenig v. Bedell, 601 N.E.2d 453 (Ind. App. 1992)
• Parties: Anthony N. KOENIG, Appellant-Plaintiff, v. Debra K. BEDELL and Aetna Insurance Company, Appellees-Defendants.
• Court: Indiana Appellate Court

Page 453

601 N.E.2d 453

Anthony N. KOENIG, Appellant-Plaintiff, v. Debra K. BEDELL and Aetna Insurance Company, Appellees-Defendants.

No. 42A01-9112-CV-389.

Court of Appeals of Indiana Third District.

Oct. 29, 1992.

Christian M. Lenn, Gerling Law Offices, Evansville, for appellant-plaintiff.

Ross E. Rudolph, James D. Johnson, Mattingly, Rudolph, Fine & Porter, Evansville, for appellee-defendant Aetna Ins. Co.

HOFFMAN, Judge.

Appellant-plaintiff Anthony A. Koenig appeals the trial court's entry of summary judgment in favor of appellee-defendant Aetna.

The facts relevant to the appeal disclose that in March 1979, Anthony was seriously injured in an automobile tractor-trailer collision. Anthony, who was six-years old at the time, was a passenger in a car driven by Debra Bedell. Bedell turned her vehicle into the path of a tractor-trailer rig causing the collision.

Anthony and his siblings were in the foster care of Barbara Koenig at the time of the collision. Barbara learned of the incident on the day it occurred. Although Barbara never spoke to Bedell about the collision, Barbara was told by Bedell's mother that Bedell was an uninsured motorist. Barbara did not notify her insurance agent or the insurer, Aetna, of the incident or of any possible claim.

Barbara adopted Anthony in 1986. At some point, Barbara became aware that the insurance policy through Aetna contained uninsured motorist provisions which should cover the injuries sustained by Anthony. On October 2, 1986, Aetna was given notice of Anthony's claim under Barbara's policy. In 1987, Anthony filed suit against Bedell and Aetna.

Barbara was unable to provide a copy of the insurance contract at the time of filing suit. Further, Barbara did not know the effective dates of the policy or the specific policy provisions.

In Bedell's answer, she did not admit that she was an uninsured motorist at the time of the collision. However, for summary judgment purposes, the trial court assumed that she was uninsured.

In December 1989, finding that the notice of claim given seven and one-half years after the incident was unreasonable as a matter of law, the trial court entered summary judgment in favor of Aetna. In September 1991, Anthony and Bedell entered into an Agreed Entry of Judgment in favor of Anthony in the amount of $200,000.00. Other facts appear below as necessary.

As restated and consolidated, Anthony raises one issue for review: whether a genuine issue of material fact exists as to the reasonableness of the notice of claim given to the insurer, and even if the seven and one-half year delay is unreasonable, whether any prejudice occurred.

As of the January 1, 1991 amendment to Ind. Trial Rule 56, the parties to a summary judgment proceeding must expressly designate to the trial court evidentiary matter which supports their respective positions. Ind. Trial Rule 56(C) provides in pertinent part:

"At the time of filing the motion or response, a party shall designate to the court all parts of pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories, admissions, matters of judicial notice, and any other matters on which it relies for purposes of the motion. A party opposing the motion shall also designate to the court each material issue of fact which that party asserts precludes entry of summary judgment and the evidence relevant thereto."

Summary judgment is appropriate if the designated evidentiary matter shows that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.

In reviewing a motion for summary judgment, this Court stands in the shoes of the trial court. This Court must liberally construe all designated evidentiary matter in favor of the non-moving party and resolve any doubt against the moving party. State Bd. of Tax Com'rs v. New Energy Co. (1992), Ind.App., 585 N.E.2d 38, 39. Even if it appears that the non-moving party will not succeed at trial, summary judgment is inappropriate where material facts conflict or undisputed facts lead to conflicting inferences. The existence of a genuine issue of material fact shall not be a ground for reversal on appeal unless such fact was designated to the trial court and is included in the record.

See Block v. Lake Mortgage Co., Inc. (1992), Ind.App., 601 N.E.2d 449, 450;

T.R. 56(H).

Furthermore, this Court will affirm summary judgment so long as the designated evidentiary matter supports a legal theory which supports summary judgment.

First, Anthony contends that the notice of the claim given to Aetna seven and one-half years after the collision was not unreasonable and that Aetna was not actually prejudiced by the delay. Insurance governing statutes allow policy provisions requiring that "[w]ritten notice of [an insured's] claim must be given to the insurer within twenty (20) days after the occurrence ... covered by the policy, or as soon thereafter as is reasonably possible." IND. CODE Sec. 27-8-5-3(a)(5) (1982 Ed.).

For summary judgment purposes, Aetna does not challenge the trial court's assumptions: that Barbara had a valid contract of insurance at the time of the collision which contained an uninsured motorist endorsement; that Anthony as a foster child would have qualified for coverage; and that the contract contained a standard clause requiring notice of a claim to be given within a reasonable time as contemplated by the above referenced statute. When the facts regarding the notice are undisputed, the issue of reasonableness is a question of law for the court. See Miller v. Dilts (1984), Ind., 463 N.E.2d 257, 263, quoting London Guarantee and Accident Co., Ltd. v. Siwy (1904), 35 Ind.App. 340, 66 N.E. 481.

Unlike other policy provisions requiring the cooperation of the insured, noncompliance with notice of claim provisions resulting in an unreasonable delay triggers a presumption of prejudice to the insurer's ability to prepare an adequate defense. Miller at 265. The court stated:

"The requirement of prompt notice gives the insurer an opportunity to make a timely and adequate investigation of all the circumstances surrounding the accident or loss. This adequate investigation is often frustrated by a delayed notice. Prejudice to the insurance company's ability to prepare an adequate defense can therefore be presumed by an unreasonable delay in notifying the company about the accident or about the filing of the lawsuit. This is not in conflict with the public policy theory that the court should seek to protect the innocent third parties from attempts by insurance companies to deny liability for some insignificant failure to notify."

Id. Further, as noted in Miller:

"late notice given to an insurer places it in a position that could have been avoided through timely notice, and ... the 'most cooperative insured cannot erase this prejudice suffered by the insurer' in situations where the scene of the accident changes, or witnesses move away or ... their memories lapse, due to the passage of time. [Citation omitted.]"

Id.

Anthony was 13 years old when the notice of claim was given to Aetna. Anthony contends that his minority, especially when coupled with the mentally incapacitating injuries he received in the collision, justify a tolling of the notice provisions until he attained majority or upon removal of his disability. Because the notice requirement under an insurance policy is material and of the essence of the contract, Miller at 265, such a rule would place insurers in an untenable position with respect to the coverage of infants.

In Allstate Insurance Co. v. Furman (1981), 84 A.D.2d 29, 445 N.Y.S.2d 236, order affirmed, 58 N.Y.2d 613, 458 N.Y.S.2d 532, 444 N.E.2d 996, the infant plaintiff filed suit against his parents for an injury which occurred six years earlier. The parents, as defendants in the suit,...