LaBove v. American Emp. Ins. Co.

• Decision Date: 03 August 1966
• Docket Number: No. 1774,1774
• Citation: 189 So.2d 315,25 A.L.R.3d 1269
• Parties: Wallace LaBOVE, Plaintiff and Appellant, v. AMERICAN EMPLOYERS INSURANCE COMPANY, Defendant and Appellee.
• Court: Court of Appeal of Louisiana — District of US

Page 315

189 So.2d 315

25 A.L.R.3d 1269

Wallace LaBOVE, Plaintiff and Appellant, v. AMERICAN EMPLOYERS INSURANCE COMPANY, Defendant and Appellee.

No. 1774.

Court of Appeal of Louisiana, Third Circuit.

Aug. 3, 1966.

Rogers, McHale & St. Romain, by Robert M. McHale, Lake Charles, Jones & Jones, by Jerry G. Jones, Cameron, for plaintiffs-appellants.

Cavanaugh, Brame, Holt & Woodley, by Fred Cappel, Lake Charles, for defendant-appellee.

Before TATE, FRUGE and CULPEPPER, JJ.

CULPEPPER, Judge.

This is a suit for damages for personal injuries arising out of a three-car collision. The plaintiff, Wallace LaBove, sues his own liability insurer, American Employers Insurance Compamy, under an uninsured motorists clause. He alleges that the driver of one of the vehicles, Mrs. H. A. McBroom, was uninsured; and that the accident was caused solely by her negligence. Defendant filed a motion for summary judgment on the grounds that coverage under the uninsured motorists clause is excluded, because plaintiff made a compromise settlement with the driver of the third vehicle, Willard J. Ardoin, and his libility insurer, Reliance Insurance Company, without defendant's written consent. The district judge granted the summary judgment. Plaintiff appealed.

The substantial issue on appeal is the construction of the following exclusionary clause under Part IV, which provides protection against uninsured motorists:

'Exclusions: This policy does not apply under Part IV:

'(b) to bodily injury to an insured with respect to which such insured, his legal representative or any person entitled to payment under this coverage shall, without written consent of the company, make any settlement with any person or organization who may be legally liable therefor;'

The facts of the accident, as alleged in plaintiff's petition, are as follows: Plaintiff was driving west on State Highway 27 in Cameron Parish. Mrs. McBroom was stopped in the east-bound lane of traffic, apparently intending to turn left after LaBove passed. A panel truck driven by Willard J. Ardoin was approaching the McBroom vehicle from the rear. Due to the emergency created by Mrs. McBroom's sudden stop without signaling, Ardoin was unable to stop. Ardoin drove into the west-bound lane, colliding head-on with plaintiff. Plaintiff alleges that the sole and only cause of the accident was the negligence of Mrs. McBroom, the uninsured driver.

The defendant attached to its motion for summary judgment a duplicate original of an act of compromise and release, whereby Wallace LaBove received the sum of $9,500 from Willard J. Ardoin, and his liability insurer, Reliance Insurance Company, in full settlement of all claims arising out of the accident. Defendant also attached an affidavit of its local representative, stating that no written consent was given by defendant for plaintiff to make the above described settlement.

Plaintiff filed no counter-affidavits and does not dispute the fact that he entered into the settlement without any written consent from the defendant.

Plaintiff's argument on appeal is that the words, 'may be', contained in the above quoted exclusionary clause, must be construed to be the equivalent of 'is'. Under such a construction, plaintiff contends there is a genuine issue of material fact as to whether Ardoin 'is' legally liable. Hence, that under the provisions of LSA-C.C.P. Article 966, summary judgment cannot be granted because there is a genuine issue of material fact which must be decided in a trial.

Webster's New World Dictionary, College Edition, 1954, gives the following pertinent definitions of the word 'may': '2. possibility or likelihood: as, it may rain. 3. permission or chance: as, you may go: see also can.' This same dictionary defines the word 'maybe' as emaning 'perhaps; possibly.' From these dictionary definitions it is apparent that generally, in ordinary usage, the words 'may be' are used as the equivalent of possibly, perhaps or by chance. Of course, the context may be such as to indicate a different meaning, but this is the general usage.

In Words and Phrases, Permanent Edition, Vol. 26A, many cases are cited interpreting the word 'may', as well as the verb phrase 'may be'. Several cases point out that in statutes 'shall be' is usually mandatory and 'may be' is permissive. Other cases point out that, according to the context, 'may be' implies futurity. Several of these cases, applicable here, hold that the words 'may be' are used as the equivalent of possibly or by chance. State v. Howland, 153 Kan. 352, 110 P.2d 801; McElroy v. Luster, 254 S.W.2d 893 (Tex.Civ.App.); Carson v. Turrish, 140 Minn. 445, 168 N.W. 349, L.R.A.1918F, 154. It is noteworthy that we find no case in which the words 'may be' have been construed as words of certainty as distinguished from uncertainty, possibility or chance.

LSA-C.C.P. Article 1111, in pertinent part, contains language very similar to that in question here:

'The defendant in a principal action by petition may bring in any person, including a codefendant, who is his warrantor, Or who is or may be liable to him for all or part of the principal demand.' (Emphasis supplied.)

In cases involving solidary obligors, both contractual and delictal, LSA-C.C.P. Article 1111 has been consistently interpreted to allow the one sued to use the third party demand to bring in the other even though the third party defendant has not been found liable by judgment of court. Thus the third party demand is allowed against parties who 'may be' liable, i.e., one who possibly, perhaps or by chance may be found liable at the trial. Danks v. Maher, 177 So.2d 412 (La.App.); Lewis v. Republic Supply Company, 155 So.2d 200 (La.App.).

Counsel have not cited, nor have we found, any Louisiana case construing the exclusionary clause in question. We have found only two such cases from other jurisdictions. In Portillo v. Farmers Insurance Exchange, 47 Cal.Rptr. 450 (Cal.App.1965) the injured insured first sued the other party and...