Lane v. State, 37364

• Decision Date: 07 April 1981
• Docket Number: No. 37364,37364
• Citation: 247 Ga. 387,276 S.E.2d 644
• Parties: LANE et al. v. The STATE.
• Court: Georgia Supreme Court

Page 644

276 S.E.2d 644

247 Ga. 387

LANE et al. v. The STATE.

No. 37364.

Supreme Court of Georgia.

April 7, 1981.

W. Emory Walters, Walters, Davis, Smith & Hudson, Ocilla, for Richard Eugene Lane et al.

Thomas H. Pittman, Dist. Atty., Tifton, Arthur K. Bolton, Atty. Gen., for the State.

PER CURIAM.

Appellants, Lane and Edwards, were charged and arrested for murder on January 10 and 11, 1981, respectively. Although the grand jury had met, appellants had not been indicted at the time of the hearing addressed herein. After numerous requests for a commitment hearing and for setting of a pretrial bond, a hearing was held by the superior court on February 10, 1981. The district attorney requested, and was granted, a continuance of the commitment hearing on the ground that the evidence, including an autopsy report, upon which the State relies, was still at the State crime lab. ¹ The court then heard 71 defense witnesses testify to the good reputation and strong ties to the community of Edwards and Lane. The only evidence for the State was the murder warrants, but, at the request of Lane and Edwards, the State's sealed file was submitted to the court for its in camera inspection. The court denied bond; Lane and Edwards applied for an interlocutory appeal. We granted the motion to appeal and expedited the case so it would not become mooted by the occurrence of the pending trial.

Lane and Edwards argue that they are entitled to bond as a matter of law under Code Ann. § 27-403: "Where the cause (a commitment hearing) is postponed to a future day at the instance of either party, or by the court, it shall not be necessary to commit the defendant to jail pending the hearing; but he shall have the right to give bail for appearance at the hearing before said court of inquiry, if the offense is bailable under the authority of said court." (Emphasis supplied.) Lane and Edwards rely on the word "shall" in arguing that they are entitled to post a bond as a matter of right. We, however, turn to the qualification that the offense must be "bailable."

Under Code Ann. § 27-901 (Supp.1980): "The offenses of rape, armed robbery, aircraft hijacking, treason, murder, and perjury, and offenses of giving, selling, offering for sale, bartering, or exchanging of any narcotic drug are bailable only before a judge of the superior court; and this is in every case a matter of sound discretion. All other offenses are bailable by the commitment court. At no time, either before the commitment court, when indicted, after a motion for new trial is made, or while an appeal is pending, shall any person charged with a misdemeanor be refused bail...." (Emphasis supplied.)

In providing that "(a)ll other offenses are bailable by the commitment court," Code Ann. § 27-901 furnishes the key to the word "bailable" in Code Ann. § 27-403, quoted above. If the commitment hearing is postponed, all misdemeanors and felonies other than those listed in § 27-901 "shall" be bailable. Under the qualification, the statutory felonies remain bailable only in the superior court and at its discretion. Since Lane and Edwards have been arrested for murder, the question here is whether the superior court abused its discretion in refusing to grant them bail when their commitment hearing was postponed.

In Birge v. State, 238 Ga. 88, 230 S.E.2d 895 (1976), we set out standards for determining whether or not to grant bond pending appeal. We find that similar considerations are relevant when a trial court is considering a motion for bond prior to trial. "... (T)he defendant may be detained pending trial if the facts support a finding that the defendant is likely to commit a serious crime, intimidate witnesses or otherwise interfere with the administration of justice or will flee if released." ² ABA Standards, Pretrial Release § 5.1(a). ³

The trial court conducted a hearing on the motion for bond. At that hearing, 71 witnesses appeared on behalf of Edwards and Lane. They thus argue that the trial court erred in denying them bonds as a matter of law. We disagree. "... (T)he granting or refusal of bail in capital cases is a matter peculiarly within the discretion of the judge of the superior court, and will not be controlled, unless it has been manifestly and flagrantly abused." Jernagin v. State, 118 Ga. 307, 45 S.E. 411 (1903); Code Ann. § 27-901.

Because this opinion enunciates standards for granting bail under Code Ann. § 27-901, we vacate the trial court's order denying bail and remand for a redetermination of the motion for bail in light of this opinion. The trial court is authorized to consider the evidence already before it as well as any additional evidence it may wish to hear.

Furthermore, the trial court, in an order denying bond, must set forth the basis of its decision i. e. whether it concludes the defendant (1) is likely to commit a serious crime, (2) intimidate witnesses, (3)...