Lasley v. State, 1 Div. 888

• Decision Date: 24 June 1986
• Docket Number: 1 Div. 888
• Parties: Bruce LASLEY v. STATE.
• Court: Alabama Court of Criminal Appeals

Page 1257

505 So.2d 1257

Bruce LASLEY v. STATE.

1 Div. 888.

Court of Criminal Appeals of Alabama.

June 24, 1986.

Rehearing Denied Aug. 12, 1986.

Daniel L. McCleave of Pennington, McCleave & Patterson, Mobile, for appellant.

Charles A. Graddick, Atty. Gen., and Martha Gail Ingram, Asst. Atty. Gen., for appellee.

PATTERSON, Judge.

Appellant, Bruce Lasley, was indicted on two counts of attempted murder in violation of § 13A-4-2, Code of Alabama 1975. Trial by jury commenced on May 1, 1984. On May 3, 1984, after two days of deliberation, the jury returned verdicts of guilty on the lesser included offenses of assault in the first degree on each count. The trial court sentenced appellant to a term of twenty-two years in the penitentiary on each count, to run concurrently.

The indictments alleged that appellant attempted to intentionally cause the deaths of Terrance Smith, a child of approximately three years of age, and Troy Smith, a child of approximately two years of age, by placing or holding them in scalding water until they were severely burned. The convictions were based solely on circumstantial evidence. Appellant contends on appeal that there was insufficient evidence to support the convictions of first degree assault, and that a new trial should have been granted because of the misconduct of certain jurors in performing experiments during the jury deliberations.

Appellant and Sharon Smith, the victims' mother, had been living together for some time prior to April 24, 1983. Smith was pregnant and had gone into labor in the early morning hours of April 24. Appellant took Smith to the hospital. Terrance and Troy remained at home with two of Smith's younger sisters, Sherline Paula Smith, age fourteen, and Samantha Smith, age thirteen. Also present was Nina Smith, age twelve, Sharon Smith's niece.

Sergeant J.D. Fail of the Prichard Police Department testified that on April 24, 1983, he was directed to the University of South Alabama Medical Center in Mobile, where he observed Terrance and Troy Smith. Their feet and legs had been severely burned. Fail directed that appellant be arrested and transported to police headquarters. Upon appellant's arrival at police headquarters, he was informed of his Miranda rights, and subsequently made an oral statement, which was reduced to writing by Fail. Appellant stated that he had taken Smith to the hospital in the early morning hours of April 24, leaving Terrance and Troy at home with the three girls. Appellant returned and the girls departed. He then proceeded to bathe the children in preparation for taking them to their grandmother's home. A "girl" knocked at the door seeking a ride "downtown," and appellant told her he could not take her. When appellant returned to the bathroom, the "shower" was on, "running scalding hot water." Appellant turned the shower off, ran some cold water and went to the bedroom to get the children's clothes. When appellant returned to the bathroom, he noticed "their skin laying off their legs." The children were not "hollering or nothing." Appellant signed the statement on each page. In this statement, upon being asked if he could read and write, appellant acknowledged, "A little bit. Not very much." Fail testified that appellant read the statement and indicated that it was correct before he signed it.

Mrs. Henrietta Smith, the victims' grandmother, testified that appellant brought the children to her home on the way to the emergency room. Appellant told Mrs. Smith that he was "next door" when the children were burned. Appellant later told her that he was lying on the bed and when someone knocked on the door he saw "smoke" coming from the bathroom.

Sherline Paula Smith testified that she, Nina, and Samantha stayed with the victims the night before and the day of the incident. The three girls departed when appellant returned from the hospital. As they were leaving, Terrance and Troy started crying and appellant hit them on the legs with a belt.

Nina Smith stated that Terrance and Troy had been bathed prior to appellant's return. As the girls were leaving, the boys started crying and appellant told them to "get back in this house before I kill you."

Samantha Smith stated that Terrance and Troy had been bathed prior to appellant's return. As the girls were leaving the boys started crying and, according to Samantha, appellant hit them on the legs with a belt and said, "If ya'll don't shut up I'll kill you."

Dr. Max Ramenofsky, a pediatric surgeon at the University of South Alabama Burn Center, examined the burns suffered by Terrance and Troy. Dr. Ramenofsky used a burn chart, developed by the American Burn Association, to describe the extent of the injuries suffered by Terrance and Troy. Both victims received immersion burns, which resulted in extensive skin loss on the back side of the legs and soles of the feet. The burns stopped at the thigh. There was no evidence of "splash burns," which would have resulted from scalding water emitting from the shower, under "normal shower conditions."

According to Ramenofsky, if the children had made no effort to get out of water hot enough to burn them, such would be "quite inconsistent" with generally accepted scientific knowledge on pediatric trauma. Ramenofsky's examination of Terrance and Troy revealed that they had the personality types of children who had been physically and emotionally abused and neglected. Both were severely malnourished upon admission to the hospital.

At the close of the State's case, the defense moved to exclude the State's evidence. The trial court denied this motion.

The defense offered the testimony of Dr. Leroy Riddick, of the Alabama Department of Forensic Sciences, who had examined the victims and requested additional information on the tub, contents, depth of water and other data from the Prichard Police Department. This information was never obtained. Riddick stated that he was "highly suspicious of child abuse" being the cause of the burns sustained by Terrance and Troy.

Ms. Jennifer Weed, a social worker with the University of South Alabama Medical Center Burn Unit, conducted a social assessment of Terrance and Troy while they were in the burn unit. This assessment indicated that the children were slow to interact, slightly depressed, had no reactions to stimuli, and did not verbalize.

Appellant testified in his own behalf. According to appellant, he and Sharon Smith departed for the hospital at 3:00 to 3:30 a.m., leaving Terrance, Troy, Sherline, Nina, and Samantha at home. When appellant returned, the girls departed. Appellant stated that Terrance and Troy were "not clean" and needed a bath before he took them to their grandmother's house. Appellant "ran" four to five inches of water in the tub and placed the boys in the water. Terrance was standing in the water and Troy was sitting, "but he got up." Appellant testified that after he put the children in the tub, Terrance had "cut the shower on." Appellant turned it off and told "them" not to mess with it. While he was looking for clothes, Geraldine Pugh, a neighbor, knocked at the door and asked appellant to take her downtown to get her "old man out of jail." Appellant stated that it took fifteen to twenty minutes for him to convince Pugh that he could not take her downtown. When appellant returned to the bathroom, he heard the water running and saw steam coming from the room. Water was coming from the faucet (not the shower) and the tub was full of water. Terrance was standing in the back of the tub and Troy was "stooping" in the front of the tub. The children were not crying, but they were "whimpering."

Appellant stated that he did not get mad when the girls left and he did not hit Terrance and Troy with a belt. According to appellant, he spanked the children only in their mother's presence.

On cross-examination, appellant stated that he told the police the same version of facts that he testified to at trial, but they "wrote it down wrong." Appellant maintained that he never read the statement transcribed by Fail.

I

In reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence, we must view the evidence in the light most favorable to the State. Cumbo v. State, 368 So.2d 871, 874 (Ala.Cr.App.1978), cert. denied, 368 So.2d 877 (Ala.1979), and we must review evidence before the trial court at the time the motion was made. Thomas v. State, 363 So.2d 1020 (Ala.Cr.App.1978). "A conviction may be had on evidence which is entirely circumstantial, so long as that evidence is so strong and cogent as to show defendant's guilt to a moral certainty." Tanner v. State, 291 Ala. 70, 71, 277 So.2d 885, 886 (1973). See also, Williams v. State, 468 So.2d 99 (Ala.1985). "The test to be applied is whether the jury might reasonably find that the evidence excluded every reasonable hypothesis except that of guilt; not whether such evidence excludes every reasonable hypothesis but guilt, but whether a jury might reasonably so conclude." Cumbo, 368 So.2d at 874. See also, Jones v. State, 481 So.2d 1183 (Ala.Cr.App.1985).

We have carefully reviewed the facts of this case and find that there was sufficient evidence from which the jury might have excluded every reasonable hypothesis except that of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt on the offenses of assault in the first degree. The trial court properly charged the jury on the elements of assault in the first degree as that offense is defined by § 13A-6-20(a)(1), which states:

"(a) A person commits the crime of assault in the first degree if:

"(1) With intent to cause serious physical injury to another person, he causes serious physical injury to any person by means of a deadly weapon or a dangerous instrument...."

Appellant does not challenge the State's evidence as to the element of "serious physical injury" inflicted on Terrance and Troy, nor the fact that scalding hot water can be defined as a "dangerous instrument." The State clearly proved these elements. Appellant contends...