Layne v. State, 1--874A125

• Decision Date: 17 June 1975
• Docket Number: No. 1--874A125,1--874A125
• Parties: Ronald Steven LAYNE, Appellant (Defendant Below), v. STATE of Indiana, Appellee (Plaintiff Below).
• Court: Indiana Appellate Court

Page 612

329 N.E.2d 612

164 Ind.App. 486

Ronald Steven LAYNE, Appellant (Defendant Below), v. STATE of Indiana, Appellee (Plaintiff Below).

No. 1--874A125.

Court of Appeals of Indiana, First District.

June 17, 1975.

Rehearing Denied Aug. 12, 1975.

John D. Clouse, Evansville, for appellant.

Theodore L. Sendak, Atty. Gen., Wesley T. Wilson, Deputy Atty. Gen., Indianapolis, for appellee.

LOWDERMILK, Judge.

At about midnight on March 3, 1973, defendant-appellant, Ronald Steven Layne (Layne), while accompanied by James Buttram (Buttram), was driving his automobile and following a car driven by Robert O'Brien, who eventually became the victim of an assault by Layne. Layne was flashing his lights from high to low beam which O'Brien took as a signal to stop, which he did. After stopping he noted it was not the police and continued on his way. This was followed by Layne's auto nudging the rear of O'Brien's auto after which O'Brien did stop and Layne then stopped his car to the left of O'Brien's. O'Brien went to the window of the side occupied by Buttram and asked what they needed and was told 'Nothing, punk' and Buttram at that time stuck a gun to O'Brien's neck.

Buttram came out of the car and O'Brien grabbed him, slamming his head on the car door and then kicking him in the face. At this time Layne came around the front of the car and said 'Well, you're dead now, boy', brandishing a hunting knife at O'Brien, who apparently did not retreat and was stabbed in the stomach with the knife being imbedded there. At this time Buttram rejoined the fray and O'Brien had removed the knife but was knocked to the ground by Buttram and suffered a second stab wound in his side.

Three passengers were in O'Brien's auto with him but they left when the trouble started and were gone when it was over. Apparently they had called the police as the police came and Layne and Buttram fled at high speed. Layne was charged with assault and battery with intent to kill, after which he filed the usual dilatory motions which were overruled by the court. Layne was tried by jury and found guilty of the lesser included offense of aggravated assault and battery, and sentence was passed pursuant to statute.

ISSUE 1.

The first issue in Layne's motion to correct errors is that the court erred in overruling Layne's motion to dismiss. Layne contends the court erred in overruling his motion to dismiss for the reason the probable cause affidavit was based, in part, upon hearsay from allegedly credible persons and there was insufficient allegations of facts which were within the affiant's knowledge as to the credibility of the allegedly credible persons.

The argument is based on IC 1971, 35--1--6--2, Ind.Ann.Stat. § 9--602 (Burns Supp. 1974). The statute provides that an affidavit, when based on credible hearsay, shall contain the facts within the affiant's knowledge as to the credibility of the person or persons upon whose information the affidavit is based.

The State replied that the fact the witnesses spoke of personal observation and knowledge lifted their stories above the level of mere rumor and creates some probability that they were true. Also, the witnesses' stories corroborated each other and were congruent with the physical evidence.

O'Brien's probable cause affidavit was fortified by O'Brien's information to the affiant that he (O'Brien) was attacked by two men who fled in a red Ford. The uncorroborated testimony of a crime victim has been held to furnish probable cause for the issuance of an arrest warrant. Riddle v. State (1971), 257 Ind. 501, 275 N.E.2d 788.

O'Brien's story was bolstered by three eye witnesses who were in his car who later identified Layne and also his automobile. Harvey Taylor, who was also harassed by Layne in the same manner earlier that night, secured Layne's license number which he furnished to the police. It was held in United States v. Hood (7th Cir. 1970), 422 F.2d 737, that while the latter witnesses were unknown to affiant their information may be used for corroborative purposes. Hood also held that the showing required in support of an information's accusation is subject to the same probable cause standards as used in appraising the police officer's own observation.

Description of the perpetrator and his auto by the victim has been held to supply a police officer with probable cause for a warrantless arrest. Kindred v. State (1974), Ind.App., 312 N.E.2d 100.

The court properly overruled Layne's motion to dismiss.

ISSUE 2.

Layne next contends the trial court erred in denying appellant's motion to quash the charging affidavit.

The pertinent portion of the charging affidavit, omitting formal parts, is as follows:

'. . . did then and there unlawfully and feloniously and in a rude, insolent and angry manner, touch, beat, strike, cut and wound, with a knife, one Robert Allen O'Brian (sic), a human being, with the felonious intent then and thereby to kill and murder the said Robert Allen O'Brian (sic), a human being.'

Layne contends the use of the conjunctive phrase, 'touch, beat, strike, cut and wound' in the charging affidavit failed to state the offense charged with sufficient certainty.

Following the above quoted words appeared the words 'with a knife'. The several words refer to a single act and were used to cover the hostile conduct of Layne. It is proper to allege in one count several acts, any one of which would constitute the alleged crime.

IC 1971, 35--1--23--26, Ind.Ann.Stat. § 9--1127 (Burns 1956), was in effect when this affidavit was filed and in part, reads as follows:

'No indictment or affidavit shall be deemed invalid, nor shall the same be set aside or quashed, nor shall the trial, judgment or other proceeding, be stayed, arrested or in any manner affected for any of the following defects:

Tenth. For any other defect or imperfection which does not tend to the prejudice of the substantial rights of the defendant upon the merits.'

Affidavits need only be so certain and particular as to enable the court or jury to understand what is to be tried and to fully inform the defendant of the particular charge he is required to meet so that he may prepare an adequate defense. Noel v. State (1973), Ind.App., 300 N.E.2d 132.

We find no merit in Layne's contention as to Issue 2.

ISSUE 3.

Layne next contends that the court erred in denying the portion of appellant's discovery motion seeking copies of witnesses' statements.

Layne contends that although the trial court permitted him to inspect witnesses' statements after they had testified it was error to refuse the portion of his discovery motion seeking the right to inspect and copy such statements before trial.

Layne admits that after certain witnesses had testified he was permitted to inspect the statements as requested before trial.

Apparently the trial court relied on the case of Antrobus v. State (1970), 253 Ind. 420, 254 N.E.2d 873, wherein our Supreme Court, in speaking with respect to a defendant's right to obtain such statements, held:

'With respect to a defendant's right to obtain such statements we hold the rule to be this: First, the defendant must lay the proper foundation for his motion or the trial court may properly deny it. An adequate foundation is laid when: (1) The witness whose statement is sought has testified on direct examination; (2) A substantially verbatim transcription of statements made by the witness prior to trial is shown to probably be within the control of the prosecution; and, (3) The statements relate to matters covered in the witness' testimony in the present case.' 254 N.E.2d at 876, 877.

It is our opinion that the trial court correctly proceeded in accordance with the Antrobus rule. We are unable to determine from the record where Layne showed how he was harmed by the trial court's ruling. See also, Gibson v. State (1973), Ind.App., 303 N.E.2d 666 at 668.

ISSUE 4.

Layne next contends that the court erred in overruling his objection to admitting the testimony of Harvey Taylor regarding the earlier tailgating incident which he claimed was prejudicial error.

Layne urges that the introduction of this evidence violated the prohibition against admitting evidence of prior criminal acts. (Layne was found not guilty of the traffic charge stemming from the earlier incident after the court held it under advisement for 30 days during which time Layne was to pay $75.00 property damage to the owner of the car which he had struck and damaged. The record is not complete as to whether the $75.00 was or was not paid.)

The State answers this contention by saying that the two incidents which involved Taylor and the second involving O'Brien were so closely connected in time and method that the evidence of the prior incident was admissible to show that appellant intended an aggressive attack on O'Brien. The State further contends Layne was found not guilty of leaving the scene of an accident for the reason he agreed to pay $75.00 in damages to Mr. Simmons, the car owner. The law is well settled in Indiana that evidence of prior criminal conduct, separate and independent from the case charged, is irrelevant and inadmissible except to show intent, motive, knowledge, plan or identity. Watts v. State (1950), 229 Ind. 80 at 102, 95 N.E.2d 570; Fenwick v. State (1974), Ind.App., 307 N.E.2d 86; Olson v. State (1973), Ind.App.,304 N.E.2d 830; Underhill v. State (1916), 185 Ind. 587, 114 N.E. 88.

Layne cites a number of cases which he claims are distinguishable. However, a close study of these cases leads us to the conclusion that not one is determinative and in point in the case at bar.

Harvey Taylor, a passenger in the car operated by Simmons, was tailgated in very much the same way the O'Brien car was tailgated and was struck by appellant's car.

This was followed by Mr. Simmons getting out of his car and being accosted by Buttram with a gun and Layne with a hunting knife. Taylor had enough good sense to get Layne's...