Lecompte v. Cont'l Cas. Co.

• Decision Date: 12 July 2017
• Docket Number: No. 2016 CA 1359.,2016 CA 1359.
• Citation: 224 So.3d 1005
• Parties: Roland LECOMPTE and Dinah LeCompte v. CONTINENTAL CASUALTY CO. and Michael Isabell, M.D.
• Court: Court of Appeal of Louisiana — District of US

224 So.3d 1005

Roland LECOMPTE and Dinah LeCompte

v.CONTINENTAL CASUALTY CO. and Michael Isabell, M.D.

No. 2016 CA 1359.

Court of Appeal of Louisiana, First Circuit.

Judgment Rendered: JULY 12, 2017

Rehearing Denied August 8, 2017

J. E. Cullens, Jr., Edward J. Walters, Jr., Darrel J. Papillion, David Abboud Thomas, Jennifer W. Moroux, Baton Rouge, Louisiana and Sean E. Rastanis, New Orleans, Louisiana, Counsel for Appellant/Intervenors Terrebonne Parish School Board and Midwest Employer's Casualty Company

Nadia de la Houssaye, Donald W. Washington, Lafayette, Louisiana, Counsel for Defendant/Appellee The Louisiana Patient's Compensation Fund

BEFORE: HIGGINBOTHAM, THERIOT, AND CHUTZ, JJ.

THERIOT, J.

The intervenors/appellants, Terrebonne Parish School Board (TPSB) and Midwest Employer's Casualty Company (Midwest), appeal the Thirty-second Judicial District Court's ruling sustaining an exception of no right of action in favor of the defendant/appellee, Louisiana Patient's Compensation Fund (PCF). For the following reasons, we affirm.

FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

On July 24, 2008, Roland LeCompte, an employee of TPSB, sustained injuries during the course and scope of his employment when he fell eight feet from a ladder. He was immediately brought to the emergency room (ER) of Terrebonne General Medical Center (TGMC) for the injuries sustained to his hip, knee, and elbow. Mr. LeCompte was treated by Dr. Michael Isabell¹ , who ordered x-rays for his knee and hip, but not for his elbow. Mr. LeCompte's wound to his elbow was sutured without x-rays being taken.

Mr. LeCompte was discharged from TGMC the same day, but was called back to the ER when the x-rays taken of his hip indicated a possible fracture. On this second visit to the ER, x-rays were taken of his elbow. Mr. LeCompte was readmitted to TGMC for treatment of his hip and elbow.

The otherwise minor laceration to Mr. LeCompte's elbow became severely infected due to the foreign material being left inside it. The infected tissue contained what is commonly known as "flesh-eating bacteria," and the infection was nearly fatal for Mr. LeCompte. Although the infection was ultimately treated successfully, Mr. LeCompte developed another serious condition from the infection, called chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, or CIDP. Mr. LeCompte had to receive ongoing treatment for this debilitating condition. Mr. LeCompte was approximately 49 years old at the time of his accident, and it is estimated that he will continue to require treatment for CIDP for the rest of his life.

On February 2, 2012, a medical review panel (MRP) concluded that Dr. Isabell failed to comply with the appropriate standard of care as charged in the complaint against him, but that it was not a factor in the resultant damages. The MRP's reasons state that Dr. Isabell should have ordered an x-ray of Mr. LeCompte's injured elbow, but that his failure to do so did not change the fact that the wound was going to be infected. On April 5, 2012, Mr. LeCompte and his wife filed a petition for damages against Dr. Isabelle and his liability insurer, Continental Casualty Company, alleging that Dr. Isabell committed medical malpractice for the aforementioned reasons. Mr. LeCompte claimed in the petition that at the time of its filing, he had incurred $268,000.00 in expenses related to Dr. Isabell's malpractice and would continue to incur expenses.

On May 1, 2012, TPSB and Midwest (hereafter "intervenors") filed a petition for intervention in the malpractice lawsuit. They allege that Mr. LeCompte suffered the injury during the course and scope of his employment with TPSB, and thus TPSB had been paying his medical expenses pursuant to the Louisiana Workers' Compensation Law. Midwest claimed in the petition for intervention that it provided workers' compensation insurance to TPSB for amounts in excess of $300,000.00. The intervenors claimed they were entitled to reimbursement for sums they had paid to or on behalf of Mr. LeCompte in workers' compensation benefits, which could arise from an award of damages to Mr. and Mrs. LeCompte through a trial or compromise in their medical malpractice action.

On April 28, 2015, Mr. and Mrs. LeCompte filed a motion to dismiss their claims against Dr. Isabell and Continental with prejudice, and the accompanying order was signed by the trial court the next day.² Also, on April 28, 2015, the intervenors filed an amending and supplemental petition for intervention, claiming that they were legally subrogated to the rights of Mr. LeCompte and were entitled to recover damages against Dr. Isabell and Continental up to the amount of benefits or compensation paid and to be paid on behalf of Mr. LeCompte and his dependents.

On August 24, 2015, the intervenors filed a petition to approve the settlement of the medical malpractice claims and admit Dr. Isabell's liability with a reservation of rights for excess damages against the PCF. The intervenors claimed in the petition that Dr. Isabell had paid $100,000.00 to settle their claims against him, and by his payment admitted his medical malpractice. On September 17, 2015, the trial court approved the settlement thereby dismissing Dr. Isabell and Continental with prejudice; however, the trial court named Dr. Isabell as a nominal defendant only to the extent necessary for the intervenors to recover excess damages against the PCF.

On May 12, 2016, the PCF filed exceptions of no right of action and no cause of action, as well as a motion for summary judgment in the alternative. In its supporting memorandum, the PCF argued that the intervenors could not continue the litigation after Mr. LeCompte, as the plaintiff, dismissed the underlying claim with prejudice. After a hearing, the trial court granted the PCF's exception of no right of action and declared the exception of no cause of action, motion for summary judgment to be moot, dismissing the PCF's matter with prejudice. In its oral reasons for judgment, the trial court stated that under the Louisiana Medical Malpractice Act (LMMA), only natural persons have a right to pursue excess damages from the PCF, and since the intervenors are juridical persons, they have no such right of action. It is this judgment that the intervenors appeal.

ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR

The intervenors allege four assignments of error:

1. The trial court's ruling that the intervenors are not "claimants" as defined by the LMMA is legal error.

2. The trial court committed legal error by failing to recognize that the intervenors' independent cause of action pursuant to Louisiana Workers' Compensation Law against third persons like Dr. Isabell was not lost because Mr. LeCompte unilaterally dismissed his personal claims.

3. The trial court committed legal error by allowing the PCF to have standing to raise any exceptions after the intervenors' settlement with Dr. Isabell was approved pursuant to the LMMA.

4. The trial court committed legal error by not ruling that the PCF judicially admitted that the intervenors' claims were subject to the LMMA.

STANDARD OF REVIEW

The standard of review of a ruling on an exception of no right of action, which presents a question of law, is de novo. See Lakewood Prop. Owners' Ass'n v. Smith , 2014-1376 (La. App. 4 Cir. 12/23/15), 183 So.3d 780, 785, writ denied, 2016-0138 (La. 2/26/16), 187 So.3d 469. The function of an exception of no right of action is a determination of whether the plaintiff belongs to the class of persons to whom the law grants the cause of action asserted in the petition. See La. C.C.P. art. 927. The exception of no right of action serves to question whether the plaintiff in the particular case is a member of the class of persons that has a legal interest in the subject matter of the litigation. Badeaux v. Southwest Computer Bureau, Inc. , 2005-0612 (La. 3/17/06), 929 So.2d 1211, 1217.

DISCUSSION

A third person having an interest therein may intervene in a pending action to enforce a right related to or connected with the object of the pending action against one or more of the parties by joining with the plaintiff in demanding the same or similar relief against the defendant. La.C.C.P. art. 1091(1). This is precisely what the intervenors had set out to do when they filed their petition for intervention and adopted the language of Mr. LeCompte's original petition for damages.

A "claimant" under the LMMA is defined as "a patient or representative or any person... seeking or who has sought recovery of damages or future medical care and related benefits under this Part. All persons claiming to have sustained damages as a result of injuries to or death of any one patient are considered a single claimant." La. R.S. 40:1299.41.³ Although intervenors are not directly addressed in the LMMA, we agree with the intervenors that they fit the definition of a "claimant."

The right to recover future medical care and related benefits is included in La. R.S. 40:1299.43(C), as follows:

Once a judgment is entered in favor of a patient who is found to be in need of future medical care and related benefits that will be incurred after the date of the response to the special interrogatory by the jury or the court's finding or a settlement is reached between a patient and the patient's compensation fund in which the provision of medical care and related benefits that will be incurred after the date of settlement is agreed upon and continuing as long as medical or surgical attention is reasonably necessary, the patient may make a claim to the patient's compensation fund through the board for all future medical care and related benefits directly or indirectly made necessary by the health care provider's malpractice unless the patient refuses to allow them to be furnished.

As the district court pointed out, a "patient" as defined by the LMMA is a natural person. See La. R.S. 40:1299.41(A)(15). The statute does not impute the rights of La. R.S. 40:1299.43(C) to a "claimant." Also, since a judgment was never entered...