Lee v. Benuelos
| Decision Date | 02 December 2014 |
| Docket Number | No. 14-1249,14-1249 |
| Parties | MARIO ANTON LEE, Plaintiff - Appellant, v. BENUELOS, Lieutenant; BERRY, Lieutenant; M. EBENHART, Officer; ERPS, Officer; HUDDLESTON, Nurse (EMT); LENGREN, Nurse; LEE, Officer; LITVAN, Lieutenant; MARTINEZ, Lieutenant; MOHLER, Officer; ROY, Officer; SHORT, Officer; THOMPSON, P.A.; J. WISEMAN, Officer; McDERMOTT, Medical Director, all in their individual and official capacities, Defendants - Appellees. |
| Court | U.S. Court of Appeals — Tenth Circuit |
(D. Colorado)
ORDER AND JUDGMENT*Before GORSUCH, MURPHY and McHUGH, Circuit Judges.
After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist in the determination of thisappeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is therefore ordered submitted without oral argument.
Mario Anton Lee, a federal prisoner proceeding pro se, appeals the district court's orders dismissing his complaint on the basis that he failed to exhaust his administrative remedies as required by the Prison Litigation Reform Act (PLRA), 42 U.S.C. § 1997e. Exercising jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291, we affirm.
Mr. Lee is currently incarcerated in a federal correctional institution located in Florence, Colorado (FCI Florence). He filed suit in the United States District Court for the District of Colorado pursuant to Bivens v. Six Unknown Named Agents of Federal Bureau of Narcotics, 403 U.S. 388 (1971), alleging that from February 8 through February 9, 2013, various prison officials (collectively, Defendants) violated his Eighth Amendment rights when they assaulted him, restrained him, and failed to treat his resulting injuries. Before filing suit in federal court, Mr. Lee attempted to obtain administrative review of his claims against Defendants through the Bureau of Prison's (BOP) internal grievance process. To put our analysis in context, we briefly describe the prison's internal grievance process before delving into Mr. Lee's efforts to exhaust those administrative remedies.
The BOP employs a four-step process to address inmate claims. The first step is an informal grievance resolution process. 28 C.F.R. § 542.13(a). If the attempt at informal resolution is unsuccessful, an inmate must next file with the warden of the institution aformal "Administrative Remedy Request" within twenty days from the date on which the basis for the complaint occurred. Id. § 542.14(a). An inmate dissatisfied with the institution's response to the Administrative Remedy Request must appeal that decision to the appropriate regional director within twenty days. Id. § 542.15(a). Finally, if dissatisfied with the regional director's response, the inmate must submit a second appeal to the BOP's general counsel (i.e., the Central Office) within thirty days. Id. The appeal to the Central Office is the final level of administrative appeal available to an inmate. See id.
With respect to each of the administrative deadlines, the regulations give prison officials the discretion to excuse an untimely filing "where the inmate demonstrates a valid reason for delay." Id. §§ 542.14(b), 542.15(b). "Valid reasons for delay include . . . an unusually long period taken for informal resolution attempts." Id. § 542.14(b). The BOP encourages officials to be "flexible" when deciding whether to reject a submission as untimely, "keeping in mind that major purposes of [the grievance process] are to solve problems and be responsive to issues inmates raise." Patel v. Fleming, 415 F.3d 1105, 1110 & n.6 (10th Cir. 2005) (quoting BOP Program Statement 1330.13(11)(b)(3) (2002)). Therefore, the BOP advises that "consideration should be given to accepting a [r]equest or [a]ppeal that raises a sensitive or problematic issue, such as medical treatment . . . [or] staff misconduct, even though the submission may be somewhat untimely." Id. at 1110 n.6 (quoting BOP Program Statement 1330.13(11)(b)(3)). Where an inmate appeals a rejection of a request on the basis that it is untimely, prison officials"may affirm the rejection, may direct that the submission be accepted at the lower level (either upon the inmate's resubmission or direct return to the lower level), or may accept the submission for filing." BOP Program Statement 1330.13(11)(c).
Pursuant to the four-step process, Mr. Lee attempted to exhaust his administrative remedies with respect to the alleged assault by filing two internal administrative remedy requests. First, in claim number 729465, Mr. Lee alleged that from February 8 through 9, 2013, prison staff assaulted him, unlawfully restrained him, and failed to provide him necessary medical care. In a related claim (number 730994), Mr. Lee requested that prison staff retain video footage depicting his cell on the date of February 8, 2013. Because staff was unavailable to immediately assist Mr. Lee with the informal grievance process on either claim, Mr. Lee was unable to submit his formal Administrative Remedy Requests (the Requests) until after the twenty-day deadline had expired. Accordingly, FCI Florence rejected both Requests as untimely.1 Mr. Lee appealed these decisions to the regional director, who concurred with the institution's reasons for rejection and stated the Requests were untimely. Mr. Lee also appealed these decisions to the Central Office, which agreed with FCI Florence that the Requests were untimely. However, consistentwith the regulations and program statement, which allow prison officials in some cases to excuse untimely filings, the Central Office directed Mr. Lee to provide staff verification to explain the reasons for his untimely filing.
Mr. Lee complied with this direction and obtained from prison staff memoranda explaining that his Requests were untimely due to staff unavailability. The memoranda asked prison officials to "accept his [Requests] without penalty of an untimely filing." Mr. Lee then resubmitted his Requests, along with the staff memoranda, to the Central Office. The Central Office again rejected Mr. Lee's Requests, this time not because they were untimely, but because they were submitted at the wrong administrative level. It advised Mr. Lee to resubmit the Requests along with the staff memoranda directly to FCI Florence.
Rather than resubmit the Requests to the institution as directed, Mr. Lee initiated the instant suit. The district court referred the case to a magistrate judge for initial proceedings and Defendants moved for summary judgment, asserting Mr. Lee had failed to exhaust his administrative remedies. Without conducting a hearing, the magistrate judge recommended that Defendants' motion for summary judgment be granted and the case be dismissed. It determined Mr. Lee did not exhaust his administrative remedies prior to filing suit because he failed to refile his Requests at the institutional level as directed. The district court adopted the magistrate judge's report and recommendation over Mr. Lee's objections and dismissed the case without prejudice. Mr. Lee appeals, asserting the district court improperly dismissed his complaint, without first conducting ahearing, based on his failure to exhaust. He also claims that rather than dismiss, the court should have stayed proceedings for ninety days pending exhaustion.
We review the district court's decision to grant Defendants summary judgment on the basis of Mr. Lee's failure to exhaust his administrative remedies de novo. See Fitzgerald v. Corr. Corp. of Am., 403 F.3d 1134, 1138 (10th Cir. 2005) (); Argo v. Blue Cross & Blue Shield of Kan., Inc., 452 F.3d 1193, 1199 (10th Cir. 2006) ().
Pursuant to § 1997e(a) of the PLRA, "No action shall be brought with respect to prison conditions under . . . any . . . Federal law . . . until such administrative remedies as are available are exhausted." 42 U.S.C. § 1997e(a); accord Porter v. Nussle, 534 U.S. 516, 524 (2002) (). This provision requires "proper exhaustion," that is, full compliance with the prison's grievance procedure. See Woodford v. Ngo, 548 U.S. 81, 90, 93 (2006). Accordingly, "[a]n inmate who begins the grievance process but does not complete it is barred from pursuing a . . . claim under [the] PLRA for failure to exhaust his administrative remedies." Jernigan v. Stuchell, 304 F.3d 1030,1032 (10th Cir. 2002). But although exhaustion is a prerequisite to filing suit in federal court, inmates are only required to exhaust available administrative remedies. "Where prison officials prevent, thwart, or hinder a prisoner's efforts to avail himself of an administrative remedy, they render that remedy 'unavailable' and a court will excuse the prisoner's failure to exhaust." Little v. Jones, 607 F.3d 1245, 1250 (10th Cir. 2010).
On appeal, the government maintains the district court correctly dismissed Mr. Lee's complaint because he failed to exhaust his administrative remedies. It argues that at the time Mr. Lee filed suit in federal court, he had not refiled the Requests with FCI Florence as directed. Mr. Lee challenges the court's decision, asserting he should be excused from the exhaustion requirement because prison officials rendered the administrative remedies unavailable to him by ignoring or interfering with his attempts to exhaust. He also claims the district court should have held an evidentiary hearing before granting Defendants' summary judgment motion.
We agree with the government that Mr. Lee did not exhaust his administrative remedies prior to filing suit because it is undisputed that...
To continue reading
Request your trial