Levy v. Ohl

• Decision Date: 26 February 2007
• Docket Number: No. 06-2291.,06-2291.
• Citation: 477 F.3d 988
• Parties: Nat LEVY, Appellant, v. Donald J. OHL, William J. Knapp, L. David Green, and Merilyn Hamlett, Appellees.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Eighth Circuit

477 F.3d 988

Nat LEVY, Appellant, v. Donald J. OHL, William J. Knapp, L. David Green, and Merilyn Hamlett, Appellees.

No. 06-2291.

United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit.

Submitted: November 17, 2006.

Filed: February 26, 2007.

Richard C. Witzel, David A. Dimmitt, Jay L. Kanzler, Jr., Witzel & Kenney, St. Louis, MO, for Appellant.

Michael J. Nester, Chi-Yong Throckmartin, Donovan & Rose, Del A. Goldenhersh, Goldenhersh & Goldenhersh, Belleville, IL, for Appellees.

Donald J. Ohl, Knapp & Ohl, Edwardsville, IL, pro se.

Before MURPHY, ARNOLD, and BENTON Circuit Judges.

BENTON, Circuit Judge.

Nat Trevor Levy sued Donald J. Ohl, William J. Knapp, L. David Green, and Merilyn Hamlett in Missouri state court, claiming malicious prosecution. After removal under diversity jurisdiction, defendants moved to dismiss for failure to state a claim. The district court¹ agreed. Levy appeals. Having jurisdiction under 12 U.S.C. § 1291, this court affirms.

I.

On November 15, 2005, Dr. Levy sued Hamlett and her former attorneys, Ohl, Knapp, and Green (collectively Ohl), for malicious prosecution under Missouri law. In the case underlying Levy's suit, in February 2001, Hamlett sued various medical providers, including Levy and Missouri Baptist Medical Center (where Levy worked). In November 2002, Hamlett dismissed Levy without prejudice, never reinstating a case against him. In July 2003, Hamlett and the Medical Center made a confidential settlement agreement that released the Medical Center as well as its agents and employees. On August 20, a Joint Stipulation for Dismissal with Prejudice was filed in state court. The stipulation provided that the case "be dismissed with prejudice as to any other or future action on account of the matters and things contained and set forth in Plaintiff's Petition." On August 21, the court accepted the stipulation in its entirety and ruled accordingly.

In the present case, Hamlett and Ohl moved for dismissal, asserting that the statute of limitations had run and that the underlying case did not terminate in Levy's favor, as required by Missouri law. Ohl also claimed that Levy failed to allege sufficiently the legal malice necessary for a malicious prosecution claim against an attorney. Hamlett and Ohl together attached 14 exhibits to their motions. Levy opposed dismissal and moved to strike the exhibits.

The district court denied the motion to strike, taking judicial notice of public record exhibits and accepting exhibits relevant to the underlying lawsuit referenced in Levy's complaint. Finding that the statute of limitations had expired, the court dismissed with prejudice as to all defendants. Levy appeals, asserting that he pled all elements of a malicious prosecution claim, and that the district court erred in relying upon matters outside the pleadings and in concluding the statute of limitation had run.

II.

This court reviews de novo the grant of a motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6). Botten v. Shorma, 440 F.3d 979, 980 (8th Cir.2006). The court assumes as true all factual allegations of the complaint. Abels v. Farmers Commodities Corp., 259 F.3d 910, 914 (8th Cir.2001). "However, the complaint must contain sufficient facts, as opposed to mere conclusions, to satisfy the legal requirements of the claim to avoid dismissal." DuBois v. Ford Motor Credit Co., 276 F.3d 1019, 1022 (8th Cir.2002). "In appraising the sufficiency of the complaint we follow, of course, the accepted rule that a complaint should not be dismissed for failure to state a claim unless it appears beyond doubt that plaintiff can prove no set of facts in support of his claim that would entitle him to relief." Conley v. Gibson, 355 U.S. 41, 45-46, 78 S.Ct. 99, 2 L.Ed.2d 80 (1957).

A.

Dr. Levy contends the district court erred in denying his motion to strike and reviewing matters outside the complaint. Specifically, the court reviewed state filings and the confidential settlement document, as well as Hamlett's affidavit authenticating documents. The parties do not dispute the authenticity of the documents, but Levy questions their legal effect. He also attacks the court's failure to convert the motion to dismiss to one for summary judgment.

In reviewing a motion to dismiss under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6), the court is "not precluded in [its] review of the complaint from taking notice of items in the public record." Papasan v. Allain, 478 U.S. 265, 269 n. 1, 106 S.Ct. 2932, 92 L.Ed.2d 209 (1986); Stahl v. U.S. Dep't of Agric., 327 F.3d 697, 700 (8th Cir.2003) ("The district court may take judicial notice of public records and may thus consider them on a motion to dismiss"). "In this circuit, Rule 12(b)(6) motions are not automatically converted into motions for summary judgment simply because one party submits additional matters in support of or opposition to the motion. . . . Some materials that are part of the public record or do not contradict the complaint may be considered by a court in deciding a Rule 12(b)(6) motion." Nixon v. Coeur D'Alene Tribe, 164 F.3d 1102, 1107 (8th Cir.1999). In Missouri, as in other states, court records are public records. See Nixon v. Warner Communications, Inc., 435 U.S. 589, 597-98, 98 S.Ct. 1306, 55 L.Ed.2d 570 (1978); Pulitzer Publ'g Co. v. Transit Cas. Co., 43 S.W.3d 293, 300-01 (Mo. banc 2001); R.S. Mo. §§ 109.180, 476.010. In this case, the district court need only have relied upon the state court's record of the dismissal with prejudice in the underlying suit — a public document — to rule that Levy's malicious prosecution claim was barred by the statute of limitations. Compare BJC Health Sys. v. Columbia Cas. Co., 348 F.3d 685, 687-88 (8th Cir.2003) (district court erred in relying on matters outside the pleading that were not public documents).

The district court, therefore, did not err in denying Levy's motion to strike and in relying upon a public record, the state court dismissal. It was not necessary to convert the motion to dismiss to one for summary judgment. The district court's review of additional documents, if error, is harmless. See Country Club Estates, L.L.C. v. Town of Loma Linda, 213 F.3d 1001, 1005 (8th Cir.2000) (error is harmless if countervailing evidence is not available).

B.

Dr. Levy next asserts error regarding the statute of limitation. He contends because he was dismissed without prejudice during the underlying suit in November 2002, the two-year statute of limitation began one year later in November 2003. He relies on the one-year savings statute, R.S. Mo. § 516.230, which (he reasons) allowed Hamlett one year after dismissal without prejudice to re-file against him, thus extending the limitations period. See R.S. Mo. § 516.230 (after a nonsuit, plaintiff may commence a new action within one year). Under Levy's theory, he could not have sued Hamlett and Ohl until November 2003, which then triggers his two-year period. His contention fails because the underlying case was entirely dismissed with prejudice in August 2003, causing the two-year statute of limitation to end in August 2005.

"The applicable statute of limitations for claims of malicious prosecution provides, in pertinent part, that an action . . . shall be brought within two years. The statute of limitations begins to run when [the] plaintiff's right to sue arises, or in other words, when the plaintiff could first maintain his cause of action successfully." Doyle v. Crane, 200 S.W.3d 581, 585-86 (Mo.App.2006) (internal citations omitted). The claim "arises when the underlying proceeding forming the basis of the claim terminates in the plaintiff's favor. Termination is effected by a final judgment on the merits, a dismissal by the court with prejudice, or by abandonment of the action." Arana v. Reed, 793 S.W.2d 224, 226 (Mo.App.1990) (emphasis added) (internal citations omitted). In this case, the final terminating act was the dismissal with prejudice, which occurred in August 2003. See id. (voluntary dismissal constituting dismissal with prejudice is abandonment of the action). Thus, temporally, Levy could have brought the...