Link v. Wabash Railroad Company

Decision Date29 June 1961
Docket NumberNo. 13221.,13221.
Citation291 F.2d 542
PartiesWilliam LINK, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. WABASH RAILROAD COMPANY, Defendant-Appellee.
CourtU.S. Court of Appeals — Seventh Circuit

Jay E. Darlington, Hammond, Ind., for appellant.

John F. Bodle, Lafayette, Ind., George T. Schilling, Lafayette, Ind. (Stuart, Branigin, Ricks & Schilling, Lafayette, Ind., of counsel), for defendant-appellee.

Before HASTINGS, Chief Judge, SCHNACKENBERG and KNOCH, Circuit Judges.

HASTINGS, Chief Judge.

This is an appeal by plaintiff from an order of the district court entered October 12, 1960 dismissing this cause of action for failure of plaintiff's counsel to appear in court for a pre-trial conference scheduled for hearing on that date.

The order appealed from reads:

"Pursuant to the inherent powers of the Court, and upon failure of plaintiff\'s counsel to appear at a pre-trial, which was scheduled for today, October 12, 1960, at 1:00 o\'clock, pursuant to notice, under Rule 12, counsel having failed to give any good and sufficient reason for not appearing at said pre-trial, the cause is now dismissed."

The history of this litigation is revealed by the record before us in this appeal.

On August 24, 1954, plaintiff William Link filed his complaint in the district court against defendant The Wabash Railroad Company to recover damages for injuries alleged to have been sustained by him when he drove an automobile into a collision with defendant's train standing across a highway in Indiana.

On September 17, 1954, defendant appeared and filed its answer to the complaint.

On April 30, 1955, defendant filed its motion for judgment on the pleadings. On October 18, 1955, hearing was had on this motion. On November 30, 1955, the district court granted defendant's motion for judgment on the pleadings and ordered the cause dismissed. From this order of dismissal plaintiff appealed. On October 10, 1956, our court reversed and remanded the case for trial. Link v. Wabash Railroad Company, 7 Cir., 1956, 237 F.2d 1, certiorari denied 352 U.S. 1003, 77 S.Ct. 563, 1 L.Ed.2d 548 (February 25, 1957). On March 13, 1957, the mandate from this court was filed in the district court.

Subsequently, the trial court set the case for trial for July 17, 1957. On June 27, 1957, on motion of plaintiff and defendant not objecting, the trial date of July 17, 1957 was vacated; and the cause was continued.

On August 17, 1957, defendant filed interrogatories for plaintiff to answer.

On February 24, 1959, the trial court on its own initiative gave notice to the parties, pursuant to Local Rule 11,1 that the cause would be dismissed on March 25, 1959, unless the court ordered otherwise.

On March 24, 1959, plaintiff filed answers to defendant's interrogatories.

On March 25, 1959, hearing was had on the show cause order, and on June 4, 1959 the trial court entered an order retaining the case on the docket and setting it for trial for July 22, 1959.

On July 2, 1959, on defendant's motion, to which plaintiff agreed, the trial date of July 22, 1959 was vacated; and the case was continued.

On March 11, 1960, defendant filed additional interrogatories for plaintiff to answer. On April 15, 1960, after an extension of time granted by the trial court, plaintiff filed answers to the additional interrogatories.

On September 29, 1960, pursuant to Local Rule 12, effective March 1, 1960, the district court caused notice to be mailed to counsel for both parties scheduling a pre-trial conference in this case to be held in court on October 12, 1960, at 1:00 o'clock p. m.

It is undisputed that counsel for both parties received this notice of the pre-trial conference. It is undisputed that Local Rule 12 was in force at the times in question and was adopted pursuant to an order of the district court.

Local Rule 12 provides:

"The court may hold pre-trial conferences in any civil case upon notice given to counsel for all parties."

Pre-trial procedure is authorized by Rule 16, Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, 28 U.S.C.A. Local rule making power generally in the district court is derived from 28 U.S.C.A. § 2071. Rule 83, Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, provides:

"* * * In all cases not provided for by rule, the district courts may regulate their practice in any manner not inconsistent with these rules."

On October 12, 1960, at 1:00 o'clock p. m., the time fixed for the pre-trial conference, the district judge called this case for pre-trial hearing. Defendant's counsel was present in court. Plaintiff's counsel did not appear. At 3:00 p. m., plaintiff's counsel not having appeared, the district court entered the foregoing order of dismissal.

The transcript of the proceedings had in court preceding the entry of the order of dismissal reveals the following factual situation which is not disputed by plaintiff.

The district judge's secretary was called into court and requested by the court to make a statement. She said that she mailed notice of the pre-trial conference to all counsel on September 29, 1960. She gave the following report to the court:

"He plaintiff\'s counsel called about 10:45 on Wednesday, October 12, 1960, and said he was in Indianapolis — that he was busy preparing papers to file with the Indiana Supreme Court. He said he wasn\'t actually engaged in argument and that he couldn\'t be here by 1:00 o\'clock, but he would be here either Thursday afternoon or any time Friday if it could be reset.
"At first he asked to talk to you, but you were on the bench, and he then asked if I could convey this to you.
"I asked him if he had contacted Mr. Bodle defendant\'s counsel, and he said he had yesterday, and he said he couldn\'t be there, and I don\'t know, of course, if he meant for the pretrial or for the deposition."

She stated that she told plaintiff's counsel she would convey this message to the court and opposing counsel. She also reported that this was the oldest civil case on the court docket. It further appeared that this was the first and only attempt counsel made to have the pre-trial conference continued.

Defendant's counsel stated to the district court at this time that plaintiff's counsel called him on the preceding morning (October 11, 1960) from Indianapolis and stated that he expected to be in court for the pre-trial but did not know whether he would attend the taking of a deposition of plaintiff set for the next day. He further stated counsel said "he was doing some work on some papers." He said that was the extent of his contact with him "since the time the Court sent out its notice of the pretrial," which he received on September 30, 1960. He had a call from the secretary of the district judge reporting the message telephoned to her on the day of the hearing from Indianapolis by plaintiff's counsel.

The trial judge then reviewed the history of this litigation and pointed out that plaintiff's counsel had notice of the hearing, did not appear for the hearing and had failed to indicate any "reasonable reason" for not appearing. In view of all the circumstances surrounding counsel's action in the case, the trial court concluded that it should "exercise its inherent power to dismiss this action" upon "failure of plaintiff's counsel to appear at a pretrial * * * counsel having failed to give any good and sufficient reason for not appearing at the said pretrial." The case was then dismissed.

Plaintiff first contends that the dismissal was erroneous because nothing was scheduled for hearing on October 12, 1960 except the pre-trial conference and that this "had not been set by any order of the court but by a `pretrial notice'" sent to counsel. We think this contention is without merit. The "notice" was sent pursuant to Local Rule 12 of the district court. Local Rule 12 had been promulgated by an order of the court. Certainly a notice sent pursuant to an order of the court embodied in a court rule does and should have all the force and effect of an order of the court. Further, plaintiff has not cited any authority requiring that a pre-trial conference be scheduled by a specific court order to give it validity. It is well settled that court rules have the force of law. Weil v. Neary, 1929, 278 U.S. 160, 169, 49 S.Ct. 144, 73 L.Ed. 243.

Plaintiff argues that there was no motion by defendant for dismissal. Since the trial court did not base its dismissal on Local Rule 11, supra, or on Rule 41(b), Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, for want of prosecution, no such motion was required. It is quite clear to us that district courts have ample authority to "regulate their practice in any manner not inconsistent with" the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, as provided in Rule 83, supra. This case comes within the purview of that rule.

Plaintiff maintains that Local Rule 12, supra, providing for pre-trial conferences, contains no sanctions calling for dismissal, or otherwise, and that in the absence of a provision for such sanctions the trial court erred. It is sheer sophistry to argue that the trial court has no inherent power to enforce its rules, orders or procedures and to impose appropriate sanctions for failure to comply. The authorities are all to the contrary.

In Darlington v. Studebaker-Packard Corporation, 7 Cir., 1959, 261 F.2d 903, 905, certiorari denied, 359 U.S. 992, 79 S.Ct. 1121, 3 L.Ed.2d 980, where we upheld the dismissal of a cause under another local rule (for want of prosecution), we said that "* * * it is within the court's inherent power to so dismiss an action without authority of statute or rule," citing Hicks v. Bekins Moving & Storage Co., 9 Cir., 1940, 115 F.2d 406, 408, 409. On the general inherent power of a court to dismiss an action as a sanction for disobedience of a court order, see Annotation, 4 A.L.R.2d 348.

Courts may exercise their inherent powers and invoke dismissal as a sanction in situations involving disregard by parties of orders, rules or settings. First Iowa Hydro Electric Coop. v....

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