Lipscomb v. State, CR
| Decision Date | 08 December 1980 |
| Docket Number | No. CR,CR |
| Citation | 609 S.W.2d 15,271 Ark. 337 |
| Parties | Larry LIPSCOMB a/k/a Thaddeus Williams, Appellant, v. STATE of Arkansas, Appellee. 80-9. |
| Court | Arkansas Supreme Court |
A. Wayne Davis, Little Rock, for appellant.
Steve Clark, Atty. Gen., Little Rock by Arnold M. Jochums, Asst. Atty. Gen., for appellee.
Appellant was convicted by a jury of aggravated robbery and sentenced to 15 years imprisonment.
Appellant first asserts the trial court erred in not making a pretrial determination of his fitness to proceed to trial. Although the court held a pretrial hearing on appellant's motion contesting his competency to stand trial, at its conclusion the court stated he was taking the motion under advisement, the defense counsel could renew it at "an appropriate time, whenever you think it is necessary in the trial", and he would rule on it. There was no objection to this procedure. At the close of all the evidence before the jury, the appellant renewed his motion for a ruling as to appellant's fitness to stand trial, which the court denied.
Ark.Stat.Ann. § 41-606 (Repl.1977) provides:
If the defendant's fitness to proceed becomes an issue, it shall be determined by the court. If neither party contests the finding of the report filed pursuant to section 605 (§ 41-605) the court may make the determination on the basis of the report. If the finding is contested, the court shall hold a hearing on the issue.
The proper procedure is for the trial court to make a decision at the time the issue is raised. Westbrook v. State, 265 Ark. 736, 580 S.W.2d 702 (1979); and Gruzen v. State, 267 Ark. 380, 591 S.W.2d 342 (1979). These cases hold that it is the duty of the trial court to make a determination of a defendant's fitness to proceed to trial when it becomes an issue, and it is reversible error to leave the matter for the jury's determination. In those cases the court made no ruling and left the issue to the jury to decide. Here, without objection, the court deferred the requested ruling on appellant's fitness to proceed to trial and later did make an independent one when appellant's counsel renewed his motion. In the circumstances, appellant has not demonstrated reversible error.
Appellant next contends that the trial court was wrong in failing to find him incompetent to stand trial. It appears appellant had been committed to the Missouri State Hospital in 1975 and in 1978 he left there without authorization. He came to Arkansas and shortly thereafter committed the alleged offense. Following formal charges, he was committed to our Arkansas State Hospital for a mental examination based upon his affirmative defense of insanity. The officials there advised the court that he was emotionally ill, suffering from schizophrenia, paranoid type. Two months later, the state hospital rendered an additional opinion to the effect that appellant had recovered from his previously diagnosed mental illness and was fit to proceed, being able to understand the charges against him and to assist his attorney in his defense. Contrary to this report, appellant adduced evidence, at the competency hearing, from a Missouri State Hospital psychiatrist that he was mentally incapable of understanding the proceedings against him and was unable to assist effectively in his own defense. An affidavit by appellant's counsel and appellant's testimony were to the same effect.
There is a presumption of competence to stand trial, and the burden of proof of incompetence is on the defendant. Deason v. State, 263 Ark. 56, 562 S.W.2d 79 (1978). There we also said: "The test of competence to stand trial is whether an accused 'has sufficient present ability to consult with his lawyer with a reasonable degree of rational understanding-and whether he has a rational as well as factual understanding of the proceedings against him.' " The trial court's decision on competency requires an evaluation of the weight to be given the testimony, particularly when expert opinions are involved. The evidence was in conflict as to appellant's competency to stand trial, and we cannot say there is insufficient evidence to uphold the court's finding.
Appellant's next contention is that the trial court erred in giving the state's requested instruction on insane delusions. There was evidence that appellant experienced some delusions; for instance, "voices" told him he would marry Diana Ross if he did certain things, such as the alleged offense, and if he did various other things, he would not marry her. The state requested and the court gave the following instruction:
The existence of an insane delusion is a defense to a crime only when the imaginary state of facts, if real, would justify or excuse the crime.
The appellant objected that "insane delusions" had not been raised as a defense and, furthermore, the instruction was taken from old cases and had no application to present law. The state relies on Bolling v. State, 54 Ark. 588, 16 S.W. 658 (1891); and Smith v. State, 55...
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Robertson v. State
...459 U.S. 1020, 103 S.Ct. 386, 74 L.Ed.2d 517 (1982), we held it was error to leave the matter to the jury. See Lipscomb v. State, 271 Ark. 337, 609 S.W.2d 15 (1980); Westbrook v. State, 265 Ark. 736, 580 S.W.2d 702 The court in this case proceeded correctly to a point. There was no error in......
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