LOCAL U. NO. 749, INT. BRO. OF BOILERMAKERS, ETC. v. NLRB
Decision Date | 16 August 1972 |
Docket Number | No. 71-2006.,71-2006. |
Parties | LOCAL UNION NO. 749, INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF BOILERMAKERS, IRON SHIP BUILDERS, BLACKSMITHS, FORGERS & HELPERS, AFL-CIO, Petitioner, v. NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD, Respondent, California Blowpipe & Steel Co., Inc., and Sequoia Employers Council, Intervenor. |
Court | U.S. Court of Appeals — District of Columbia Circuit |
Messrs. Charles P. Scully and Donald C. Carroll, San Francisco, Cal., were on the brief for petitioner.
Messrs. Marcel Mallet-Prevost, Asst. Gen. Counsel, and Joseph E. Mayer and William H. DuRoss, III, Attys., N. L. R. B., were on the brief for respondent.
Before McGOWAN, LEVENTHAL and MacKINNON, Circuit Judges.
Petitioner Union challenges the National Labor Relations Board's findings that it violated Sections 8(b) (2) and 8(b) (1) (A) of the National Labor Relations Act, 29 U.S.C. §§ 158(b) (2) and 158(b) (1) (A). The single issue before us is whether a union may lawfully request an employer, with whom it has a union security agreement, to fire an employee who, although willing to pay the requisite union dues and fees, refuses to assume formal union membership.
Intervenor California Blowpipe and Steel Company and the Union were parties to a collective bargaining agreement which provided:
It is undisputed that during the year 1970 the Union requested the Company to terminate the employment of three employees who, although willing to pay the required Union dues and initiation fees, refused to sign the Union's membership application card. On the basis of an interpretation of Section 8(a) (3) of the Act first adopted in Union Starch and Refining Company, 87 NLRB 779 (1949), enf'd, 186 F.2d 1008 (7th Cir.), cert. denied, 342 U.S. 815, 72 S.Ct. 30, 96 L.Ed. 617 (1951), the Board concluded that these requests were forbidden by the Act. The Union contends, contrarily, that such requests are expressly permitted by Section 8(a) (3), and urges this court to reject Union Starch.
Section 8(a) (3) provides in pertinent part:
Section 8(b) (1) makes it an unfair labor practice for unions generally "to restrain or coerce employees in the exercise of the rights guaranteed in Section 7," and Section 8(b) (2) specifically prohibits unions from causing or attempting to cause an employer "to discriminate against an employee in violation of subsection (a) (3)."
It is the Board's position that part (B) of the second proviso in Section 8(a) (3) forbids a union from attempting to cause an employer to discharge an employee for any reason other than the employee's failure to tender periodic dues and fees. As one court has put it:
Even where, as in the instant case, all the statutory requirements of a valid union shop agreement are met, the Act provides that the only ground upon which an employee can be lawfully discharged is for non-payment of initiation fees or periodic dues. Nothing else suffices.
N. L. R. B. v. Technicolor Motion Picture Corp., 248 F.2d 348, 352 (9th Cir. 1957). The Union argues, on the other hand, that (1) Section 8(a) (3) expressly permits unions and employers to agree to condition continued employment on union "membership" and that "membership" is not equivalent to a mere willingness to pay dues and fees, (2) the Board's interpretation in effect imposes on unions a definition of membership which violates the statutory right of labor organizations under Section 8(b) (1) (A) to establish membership qualifications for themselves, (3) the legislative history does not support the Board's position, (4) that position effectively destroys union security, which the Act was manifestly designed to protect, and abolishes the distinction between "union shops" and "agency shops" which the framers of Section 8(a) (3) clearly recognized, and (5) the Board's interpretation of part (B) of the proviso renders part (A) a nullity.1
Whatever force these arguments might have were the question before us res nova, the Union Starch rule which the Board applied here has been sanctioned by virtually every other circuit court of appeals in the United States and referred to approvingly by the Supreme Court and this court.2 In N. L. R. B. v. General Motors Corp., 373 U.S. 734, 742, 743, 83 S.Ct. 1453, 1459, 10 L. Ed.2d 670 (1963), the Supreme Court stated quite unambiguously:
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