Lone Pine Hunters' Club, Inc. v. Town of Hollis

• Court: New Hampshire Supreme Court
• Writing for the Court: BRODERICK, J.
• Citation: Lone Pine Hunters' Club, Inc. v. Town of Hollis, 826 A.2d 582, 149 N.H. 668 (N.H. 2003)
• Decision Date: 02 July 2003
• Docket Number: No. 2002–552.,2002–552.
• Parties: LONE PINE HUNTERS' CLUB, INC. v. TOWN OF HOLLIS.

149 N.H. 668

826 A.2d 582

LONE PINE HUNTERS' CLUB, INC.

v.TOWN OF HOLLIS.

No. 2002–552.

Supreme Court of New Hampshire.

Argued May 7, 2003.

Opinion Issued July 2, 2003.

Prunier, Leonard & Prolman, P.A., of Nashua (Andrew A. Prolman on the brief and orally), for the plaintiff.

Drescher & Dokmo, P.A., of Milford, for the defendant, filed no brief.

McLane, Graf, Raulerson & Middleton, P.A., of Manchester (Bruce W. Felmly and Jennifer L. Parent on the brief, and Mr. Felmly orally), for the intervenors.

BRODERICK, J.

The intervenors, an association known as "Residents Defending Their Homes" and various individual residents of Hollis (Residents), appeal from the order of the Superior Court (Hampsey , J.) vacating two decisions of the zoning board of adjustment (ZBA) in the Town of Hollis (town), the defendant. The first ZBA decision denied the appeal of the plaintiff, the Lone Pine Hunters' Club, Inc. (Club), from a decision of the town's board of selectmen requiring it to apply for a special exception. The second ZBA decision granted the Club's request for a special exception. We reverse and remand.

The record supports the following facts. In 1966, the Club purchased approximately 118 acres of land in Hollis located in two zones, a residential and agricultural district and a recreational district, and applied for a certificate of occupancy to use the property as a fish and game club and to build an addition to an existing structure. The town building inspector denied the application on the ground that the proposed use of the property was contrary to the town zoning ordinance and required the Club to obtain a variance. Ten days after the building inspector issued his decision, three members of the ZBA signed an unaddressed, handwritten note, which stated, "It is the opinion of the [ZBA] that the building inspector can issue a building permit for the addition to the existing building owned by the [Club] without issuing a variance."

Over the years, the Club obtained various building permits to add facilities to the property, and in 1998, the Club obtained planning board approval and a special exception from the ZBA to construct a new clubhouse and septic system on the property. Following complaints from the Club's neighbors, the town's board of selectmen wrote to the Club in August 1999 and advised it that, although the 1966 zoning ordinance had required the Club to secure a variance to use the property as a fish and game club, it had never done so. The letter noted that, pursuant to amendments to the zoning ordinance adopted in 1999, the Club's use of the property could be approved as a special exception. The board of selectmen wrote to the Club again in June 2000, advising it that they would issue a cease and desist order unless the Club applied for a special exception and presented a site plan to the planning board depicting the nature of the Club's entire operation.

In August, the Club applied for a special exception. It also appealed the board of selectmen's June letter. The ZBA consolidated the two matters and denied the Club's appeal of the board of selectmen's June letter, finding that "[i]n 1966, a variance was not issued for the proposed use of the land [and] the ZBA determined that no variance was required for the addition to the existing building." The ZBA then granted the Club's application for a special exception. The Club moved for rehearing in both matters, which the ZBA denied. It then appealed to the superior court, which vacated the ZBA's decisions.

Based upon its review of the record, the court found that the 1966 note signed by three ZBA members constituted a decision that the Club's proposed use of the property was permitted under the 1966 zoning ordinance without the need for a variance. The court further found that the Club did not need a special exception under the current zoning ordinance unless it sought to change or expand its use of the property. Accordingly, the court ruled that the ZBA erred by upholding the board of selectmen's decision requiring the Club to obtain a special exception and by granting the Club's request for a special exception. This appeal followed.

We will uphold the superior court's decision on appeal unless it is unsupported by the evidence or legally erroneous. Morgenstern v. Town of Rye, 147 N.H. 558, 565, 794 A.2d 782 (2002). "For its part, the trial court, in reviewing the decision of a zoning board of adjustment, is limited to a determination of whether, on the balance of the probabilities, the decision was unlawful or unreasonable." Peabody v. Town of Windham, 142 N.H. 488, 492, 703 A.2d 886 (1997) (quotation omitted); see RSA 677:6 (1996). "To the extent the ZBA made findings upon questions of fact properly before the court, those findings are deemed prima facie lawful...