Long v. Tri-Con Industries, Ltd.
| Decision Date | 12 July 1999 |
| Docket Number | TRI-CON |
| Citation | 996 S.W.2d 173 |
| Parties | Tammy Delyn LONG, Appellant, v.INDUSTRIES, LTD., and Hartford Accident Indemnity Company, Appellees. |
| Court | Tennessee Supreme Court |
Ronald Thurman, Ronald Thurman & Associates, Cookeville, for appellant.
Lynn C. Peterson, Norton & Luhn, Knoxville, for appellees.
O P I N I O N
We granted this workers' compensation motion for review to determine whether the evidence preponderated against the trial court's finding that the employee sustained a compensable injury to her back arising out of and in the course of her employment.
The trial court determined that the employee suffered 55 percent permanent partial disability to the body as a whole as a result of a back injury arising out of and in the course of her employment with the employer. The Workers' Compensation Special Appeals Panel reversed and dismissed however, after concluding that the evidence in the record preponderated against the trial court's judgment.
After our review of the record and consideration of the trial court's detailed findings of fact, we conclude that the evidence does not preponderate against the trial court's judgment. Accordingly, we reverse the Panel's judgment and reinstate the trial court's judgment.
Tammy Delyn Long, age 27 at the time of trial, began working for Tri-Con Industries, Ltd., ("Tri-Con"), in March of 1992. Her responsibilities initially involved sewing automotive car seat covers. She then became an inspector for Tri-Con, which required her to lift up to 40 pounds and to stand for considerable periods of time each day. Her work also required repetitive lifting, holding, and twisting of her body during the day.
Long testified that she experienced pain in her hip and the lower left side of her back while working at the factory on Saturday, October 15, 1994. Though she noticed the pain in her back and felt unusually tired, Long did not tell anyone at work about her symptoms or that she had been injured. She could not identify a precise moment when the pain started or a specific motion or movement that caused the pain. She had, however, worked 55 hours that week, tying, inspecting and bundling products, while standing at least 8 hours per day.
Long went home and used a heating pad on her back. Her husband and a friend who had been visiting testified that Long complained about back pain that Saturday evening. On the following Sunday morning, Long's back hurt even worse. Although Long went to church, she was quite uncomfortable due to the back pain. On Monday, Long was unable to go to work due to the stiffness and pain in her low back. Her husband, Paul Long, called Tri-Con and informed Human Resources that Tammy Long was unable to work due to back pain. 1
On Tuesday, October 17, 1994, Long saw her personal physician, Dr. Kenneth Colburn, a general practitioner. She described her back problem but did not tell him when she had injured it or whether it was at work or at home. Long said that she had injured her back on her left side three or four years earlier and that it occasionally bothered her. Long also testified that she later filled out a disability insurance form that indicated the injury was not work-related. She explained, however, that she initially did not know what exactly had caused the pain she experienced.
Dr. Colburn's initial examination revealed that Long was in severe pain, had only slight leftward and forward flexion, and was unable to lift her left leg more than 10 to 15 degrees. Colburn treated her symptomatically, prescribing muscle relaxants and pain medication. She saw Dr. Colburn again on October 24, 1994 and was in somewhat less pain but experiencing numbness in her leg and an inability to lift her left leg more than 30 or 35 degrees. Colburn ordered an MRI exam, which was performed the next day. The MRI revealed that Long had herniated disks at L4-L5 and at L5-S1.
Long saw Dr. Colburn a third time on October 31, 1994. Although Colburn had initially signed an insurance disability form on behalf of Long that indicated her injury was not due to her employment, Colburn's notes for the October 31 visit reflected that Tammy Long was being treated for "significant disc problems" that were "felt to be work-related." Colburn explained in his deposition that "I'd seen her on the 24th [of October] and she was having significant problems, and by that time we'd had further discussions, and in the light of what kind of work she was doing, repetitive bending, picking up, so on, over and over for a period of time, I felt that there was a reasonable chance that work experience could be related to that injury."
Colburn also testified that on March 8, 1995, he had written a letter on behalf of Long, which said in part:
Tammy Long is a 25 year old female patient whom I saw on two occasions, on 10/18/94 and 10/24/94 for severe back pain. She was an inspector at Tri-Con, a job which involved turning to the right, repetitively bending over picking items up, lifting them, sitting down again. She had done this job for several years. Although I failed to document this historical fact in either of my office notes at that time, I did feel that her type of work had potentially caused her injury or possibly worsened a previous more mild injury.
After being examined by Dr. Colburn, Long provided Tri-Con a note from Colburn stating that Long "is being treated for significant disk problems" and that the condition "is felt to be work-related." Tri-Con then provided a list of three physicians, including Dr. Toney Hudson, an internist who examined Long on November 1, 1994. Dr. Hudson testified in a deposition that his physical examination of Long revealed no "abnormal neurologic deficits." Dr. Hudson testified that he reviewed the MRI, which revealed only a "mildly bulging disk" but no evidence of a herniated disk. According to Dr. Hudson, Long reported to him that her back pain developed while she was in church on October 16. He therefore concluded that the injury was not work-related.
Long then saw a third physician, Dr. William Schooley, on a referral from Dr. Colburn. Schooley, a neurosurgeon, diagnosed Long with a herniated disk at L5-S1. The disk was removed surgically by Schooley on November 21, 1994. Dr. Schooley imposed restrictions against Long bending at the waist or lifting 25 pounds frequently or 50 pounds infrequently. He concluded that Long reached maximum medical improvement from this herniated disk on April 27, 1995 and determined that Long had a 10 percent impairment to the body as a whole. 2
Dr. Julian Nadolsky, a vocational rehabilitation expert, testified that he reviewed the medical records and also administered several physical and vocational tests to Long. 3 He agreed with the lifting and bending restrictions imposed on Long by Dr. Schooley and estimated that Long's vocational disability was 63 percent due to her back injuries. He testified that she could perform work of a light or sedentary nature.
Long testified that the injury to her back has adversely affected her life. She said she is often in pain and has limited movement. She cannot stand or sit for extended periods of time, nor can she walk up stairs or do housework without pain. She obtained a job as a cashier in December 1996, but had to quit one month later due to the pain in her back from prolonged standing. Long's husband, a friend, and her mother-in-law, all testified as to the ways the back injury has affected her life.
The trial court found that Long sustained an injury arising out of and in the course of her employment and that she had 55 percent permanent partial disability to the body as a whole. The trial judge made detailed findings of fact regarding the evidence and the credibility of the witnesses. The trial judge found that Tammy Long "is a truthful person and that she told the truth during th[e] hearing." The trial court also reviewed the medical evidence in detail and found that the evidence, along with the testimony, established that Long sustained a work-related, compensable injury.
On appeal, the Workers' Compensation Special Appeals Panel reversed the trial court's judgment:
We find that the total evidence in this case preponderates against the finding that these injuries arose out of and in the course of Ms. Long's employment by Tri-Con Industries, Ltd. She had an admitted history of back injury. She initially denied that these injuries were work related. She had a fall at home that could have caused injury. The preponderance of the evidence is that onset of pain was away from her job. The second herniation occurred months after she ceased working for the defendant. The record is totally lacking in evidence of a specific injuring incident at work.
The Panel, therefore, reversed and dismissed. We granted Tammy Long's motion for Supreme Court review and now reinstate the judgment of the trial court.
In a workers' compensation case, appellate review on factual issues is de novo with a presumption that the trial court's findings are correct, unless the preponderance of the evidence is otherwise. Tenn.Code Ann. § 50-6-225(e)(2) (1991 & Supp.1998); e.g., Hill v. Eagle Bend Mfg., Inc., 942 S.W.2d 483, 487 (Tenn.1997). When a trial court has seen and heard witnesses, and issues of credibility and weight of testimony are involved, considerable deference is afforded the trial court's findings of fact. Id.
To prove a "work-related" injury, a plaintiff must establish by a preponderance of the evidence that he or she sustained an injury "arising out of and in the course of" the plaintiff's employment. Tenn.Code Ann. § 50-6-102(a)(5) (Supp.1998). The phrase "arising out of" refers to cause or origin of the injury. The phrase "in the course of" refers to the time, place, and circumstances of the injury. E.g., Jones v. Hartford Accident & Indem. Co., 811 S.W.2d 516, 519 (Tenn.1991).
In most cases, a...
To continue reading
Request your trial
-
State v. Copeland, No. E2002-01123-CCA-R3-DD (TN 8/22/2005)
...... was dressed in all black clothing and was carrying a weapon with a long clip and a muzzle around the nozzle at his hip. On cross-examination, ......
-
State v. Davidson
...on the principal offense 509 S.W.3d 236'carries with it all the nuances of the offense,' including criminal responsibility." Lemacks , 996 S.W.2d at 173 (quoting State v. Johnson , 910 S.W.2d 897, 900 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1995) ). Thus, the presentment need not have alleged the theory of guilt......
-
Fell v Rambo
...to trial court findings that depend upon weighing the value or credibility of competing oral testimony. See Long v. Tri-Con Indus., Ltd., 996 S.W.2d 173, 178 (Tenn. 1999); Doe A v. Coffee County Bd. of Educ., 925 S.W.2d 534, 537 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1996); St. Clair v. Evans, 857 S.W.2d 49, 51 (......
-
Overstreet v. Trw Commercial Steering Div.
...that the trial court properly denied TRW's motion for an independent evaluation, Overstreet most heavily relies on Long v. Tri-Con Indus., Ltd., 996 S.W.2d 173 (Tenn. 1999),6 where the employer filed a motion to require the employee, who had suffered herniated discs for which he had surgery......