Louise v. Illinois Dept. of Labor

• Decision Date: 12 November 1980
• Docket Number: No. 79-1949,79-1949
• Citation: 90 Ill.App.3d 410,413 N.E.2d 113,45 Ill.Dec. 780
• Parties: , 45 Ill.Dec. 780 Mary LOUISE, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. ILLINOIS DEPARTMENT OF LABOR; William M. Bowling, et al., Dennis Block, Eugene Christy, David Tome, Defendants-Appellees.
• Court: United States Appellate Court of Illinois

Page 113

413 N.E.2d 113

90 Ill.App.3d 410, 45 Ill.Dec. 780

Mary LOUISE, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. ILLINOIS DEPARTMENT OF LABOR; William M. Bowling, et al. Dennis Block, Eugene Christy, David Tome Defendants-Appellees.

No. 79-1949.

Appellate Court of Illinois, First District, Third Division.

Nov. 12, 1980.

Edward N. Surges, Thomas Grippando, Cook County Legal Assistance Foundation, Inc., Maywood, for plaintiff-appellant.

William J. Scott, Atty. Gen. of Illinois, Chicago, for defendants-appellees; Richard J. Puchalski, Sp. Asst. Atty. Gen., Chicago, of counsel.

McNAMARA, Justice.

Plaintiff, Mary Louise, appeals from the trial court's dismissal of her action which was brought under the Administrative Review Act. (Ill.Rev.Stat.1977, ch. 110, par. 264 et seq.) A determination by a claims adjudicator that plaintiff was ineligible for benefits under the Unemployment Insurance Act was mailed to plaintiff on June 30, 1978. Plaintiff filed a written appeal on July 12, 1978. After a hearing at which plaintiff was represented by a paralegal, a referee of the Unemployment Compensation Bureau of the Department of Labor dismissed plaintiff's appeal for lack of jurisdiction. The referee held that the appeal was untimely since it had not been filed within the 9 days after the mailing of the claims adjudicator's decision as required by the Act. (Ill.Rev.Stat.1977, ch. 48, par. 470 (amended 1979).) The Board of Review of the Department of Labor upheld the referee's action, and the trial court dismissed the present suit on the jurisdictional grounds.

At the referee's hearing, the admissible evidence was undisputed. On July 6, 1978, plaintiff, accompanied by a Ms. Sardo, went to the unemployment office of the Department to file her appeal of the adjudicator's decision. A Mr. Williams, a Department employee who had assisted plaintiff in earlier visits to the office, refused to allow plaintiff to file the appeal. Williams told plaintiff that the office was in the process of being moved and that her files could not be located, and he would not accept her appeal. Plaintiff asked if she could return the following Wednesday (July 12) to file the appeal, and Williams assured her that she could.

The referee stated that he had telephoned Williams about plaintiff's visit of July 6, and Williams told the referee that he had instructed plaintiff to return on the following Monday, July 10. The paralegal testified that she had also spoken to Williams and Williams said that he never instructed plaintiff to return at a later date. Williams was not called as a witness.

Plaintiff contends on appeal that the circumstances mandate a relaxation of the time limitation for filing an appeal; that plaintiff's act of orally requesting an appeal constituted the filing of an appeal or in the alternative that the department is estopped from denying that her appeal was timely filed; and that her due process rights were violated by the referee's ex parte conversation with Williams and by the introduction of hearsay evidence.

We shall consider initially and briefly plaintiff's contention that her due process rights were violated. The record discloses that the referee did conduct an improper ex parte investigation of Williams's conduct. The referee also allowed hearsay testimony as to Williams's explanation of that conduct. It seems evident, however, that the referee could not have placed much credence in Williams's contradictory statements about his conversation with plaintiff. Consequently, we do not believe that the referee relied on the ex parte investigation or on the hearsay testimony as a basis for the findings against plaintiff. Accordingly, we reject the argument that plaintiff's due process rights were violated. See Des Plaines Cur. Exch., Inc. v. Knight (1963), 29 Ill.2d 244, 194 N.E.2d 89.

We are mindful that our role is limited to ascertaining whether the administrative order is supported by the manifest weight of the evidence. With that function in mind, we turn to a consideration of defendants' assertion that the present decision is supported by the manifest weight of the evidence because the time limitations for filing the appeal under the Act are mandatory, "thus jurisdictional and absolute." Plaintiff maintains that the evidence presents a basis for estoppel and that, therefore, the decision finding an absence of jurisdiction was erroneous.

Under the Unemployment Insurance Act, the legislature provided a definite period of time during which an unemployment compensation claimant must seek intra-agency review; the 9 day filing period is therefore mandatory. (Huggins v. Board of Review (1973), 10 Ill.App.3d 140, 294 N.E.2d 32.) Failure to file within the prescribed time period clearly operates as a bar to review of an agency decision. Gutierrez v. Board of Review (1975), 35 Ill.App.3d 186, 341 N.E.2d 115; Huggins v. Board of Review.

Our supreme court has repeatedly held, however, that mandatory time limitations are not jurisdictional in the sense of subject matter jurisdiction, and therefore, such limitations may be subject to estoppel and waiver. (Springfield-Sangamon County Regional Plan Com. v. FEPC (1978), 71 Ill.2d 61, 15 Ill.Dec. 623, 373 N.E.2d 1307; Molex, Inc. v. Indus. Com. (1975), 62 Ill.2d 46, 338 N.E.2d 390; Pantle v. Indus. Com. (1975), 61 Ill.2d 365, 335 N.E.2d 491. Cf. Zimmerman Brush Co. v. Illinois Fair Emp. Prac. Com. (1980) --- Ill.2d ----, 44 Ill.Dec. 308, 411 N.E.2d 277.) These decisions characterize compliance with mandatory time limitations as being necessary to acquire a type of jurisdiction over the particular case. An appellee is thereby protected from liability by an appellant's non-compliance with these mandatory requirements. Hence, in recognizing that such limitations are subject to estoppel and waiver, the court has merely applied the fundamental maxim that a party may by his conduct waive certain protections afforded by statute.

We turn now to a consideration of the precise nature of the statutory limitations under the Unemployment Insurance Act, Ill.Rev.Stat.1977, ch. 48, par. 470 (amended 1979), and the susceptibility of those limitations to estoppel and waiver. Paragraph 470 provides in pertinent part:

"Unless the claimant or any other party * * * within nine days after such notification was mailed to his last known address, files an appeal therefrom, such 'finding' or 'determination' shall be final as to all parties given notice thereof." (Emphasis added).

At the outset, we note that defendants' reliance on Huggins v. Board of Review and its progeny is misplaced. Huggins is not dispositive of the precise issues in this case. No issue of estoppel or waiver was before that court and the court, therefore, did not pass on the question whether these mandatory time limitations are jurisdictional in the sense of subject matter jurisdiction. At issue in Huggins was whether a plaintiff's purported late receipt of the agency's decision constituted "good cause" for delay in filing. After characterizing the time limitations as "mandatory," the court did state that the provisions were "thus jurisdictional." Despite having used that term, the court proceeded nevertheless to evaluate plaintiff's evidence as to "good cause" for delay. Had the court meant "jurisdictional" in a strict subject matter sense, it would not have proceeded to examine plaintiff's purported good cause reasons for delay in filing; no degree of good cause could have conferred subject matter jurisdiction. Nor do we find it significant that the Act does not expressly provide for a late filing of a notice of appeal. (But cf. Huggins v. Board of Review.) Our supreme court has repeatedly held that mandatory time limitations which similarly do not expressly provide for late filings nevertheless may be subject to concepts of waiver. Springfield-Sangamon Co. Plan Com. v. FEPC (1978), 71 Ill.2d 61, 15 Ill.Dec. 623, 373 N.E.2d 1307; Railway Express Agency v. Indus. Com. (1953), 415 Ill. 294, 114 N.E.2d 353; Murphy v. Indus. Com. (1951), 408 Ill. 612, 97 N.E.2d 843.

While the thrust of the Act is to benefit the employee, Grant Contracting Co. v. Murphy (1944), 387 Ill. 137, 56 N.E.2d 313, the mandatory time limitations in paragraph 470 clearly serve the purpose of protecting the employer from liability and the Department from repeated consideration of that liability after a certain lapse of time. The provisions are therefore comparable to a statute of limitations. In sharp contrast to a provision such as paragraph 470 is a provision which has the purpose of conferring subject matter jurisdiction on a court. This latter type of statute does not seek to protect any person but instead focuses on the authority of a court to hear an entire "class of cases to which that particular case belongs." (Pocahontas Mining Co. v. Indus. Com. (1922), 301 Ill. 462, 474, 134 N.E. 160; People ex rel. Petersen v. Turner (1976), 37 Ill.App.3d 450, 346 N.E.2d 102.) From these differences in statutory purpose emanates the principle that while parties by their conduct may waive or be estopped from invoking the protections afforded them, they may not by their conduct affect the subject matter jurisdiction of a court.

The Act clearly grants defendants the authority to hear the class of cases to which plaintiff's matter belongs; the department therefore had subject matter jurisdiction over plai...