Louisville & N.R. Co. v. State

• Decision Date: 20 December 1917
• Docket Number: 3 Div. 300
• Citation: 78 So. 93,201 Ala. 317
• Parties: LOUISVILLE & N.R. CO. v. STATE.
• Court: Alabama Supreme Court

78 So. 93

201 Ala. 317

LOUISVILLE & N.R. CO. v. STATE.

3 Div. 300

Supreme Court of Alabama

December 20, 1917

On Rehearing, Jan. 24, 1918

Appeal from Circuit Court, Montgomery County; Gaston Gunter, Judge.

Action by the State, against the Louisville & Nashville Railroad Company, for collection of a franchise tax. From the judgment rendered, the Railroad Company appeals. Affirmed. On rehearing, judgment corrected and affirmed, and application for rehearing overruled.

Sayre J., dissenting.

Goodwyn & McIntyre, Jones, Thomas & Field, and J.B. Jones, all of Montgomery, and H.L. Stone, of Louisville, Ky., for appellant.

W.L Martin, Atty. Gen., and Lawrence E. Brown, Asst. Atty. Gen for the State.

ANDERSON C.J.

The trial court, that is, the circuit court, held that the appellant, a foreign corporation, was liable for a franchise tax as provided by the act of 1915, based upon the amount of "capital actually employed in this state," regardless of the proportion it may bear to the appellant's capital stock; and in doing this followed literally so much of the act as related to a franchise tax on corporations, and which said act to this extent was worded like section 232 of the Constitution of 1901. So much of section 16 of the act of 1915, page 397, as is essential to an understanding of the question involved, reads as follows:

Franchise Tax of Corporations.

"Sec. 16. Every corporation organized under the laws of this state, except strictly benevolent, educational or religious corporations, or banks or banking institutions, or building and loan associations regularly organized under the laws of this state, or any other state, shall pay annually to the state an annual franchise tax of forty cents on each one thousand dollars of its paid-up capital stock. Every corporation organized under the laws of any other state nation or territory and doing business in this state, except strictly benevolent, educational or religious corporations, or banks or banking institutions, or building and loan associations, shall pay annually to the state an annual franchise tax of forty cents on each one thousand dollars on the amount of capital actually employed in this state.

Subdivision 1. The president or any executive officer or the secretary of every corporation subject to a franchise tax under this section, shall make a written statement under oath to the probate judge showing the name of the corporation, the state or county under whose laws incorporated, its principal place of business in this state; if a domestic corporation, the amount of its capital stock; if a foreign corporation, the actual amount of capital employed in this state; if it is a corporation at the time of the statement authorized to do business in this state; or the actual amount of capital it is proposed shall be employed in this state, if it is a corporation not then qualified to do business in this state."

It will be noted that this statute deals with both domestic and foreign corporations, fixes the same rate per thousand on each, the only difference being that as to domestic corporations the franchise tax is 40 cents on each thousand dollars of its "paid-up capital stock," while as to foreign corporations it is 40 cents per thousand on the amount of "capital actually employed in this state." This statute is therefore entirely different from the one condemned in the case of Southern Ry. Co. v. Greene, 216 U.S. 400, 30 Sup.Ct. 287, 54 L.Ed. 536, 17 Ann.Cas. 1247; the one there considered being section 2391 et seq. of the Code of 1907, article 20, which deals with and provides for a franchise tax on foreign corporations only, and it did not appear that a similar tax was imposed upon domestic corporations of a similar character. See the Greene Case, supra, also the dissenting opinion of the writer, 160 Ala. 418, 49 So. 404. This case cannot therefore have any bearing upon the present statute, unless it can be said that the present statute violates the Fourteenth Amendment to the federal Constitution because an unwarranted and arbitrary discrimination arises out of the fact that it provides for the basis of the tax, upon the paid-up capital stock of domestic corporations and upon the capital actually employed in the state when dealing with foreign corporations. This distinction as made by the Legislature was for the obvious purpose of complying with our state Constitution of 1901, as section 229 authorizes a franchise tax on domestic corporations in "proportion to the amount of capital stock," and section 232 authorized a franchise tax as to foreign corporations, based upon the actual amount of "capital employed in this state." The rate on each is the same, and the question is, Does the method prescribed for ascertaining and fixing the amount of the tax operate as an arbitrary discrimination against foreign corporations? We do not think that the act disclosed upon its face such a defect, and it was not the intent of the Legislature to discriminate against foreign corporations in the adoption of the same. The act, both as to foreign and domestic corporations, employs the exact language of the Constitution, and if we look to the journal and debates of the constitutional convention upon the adoption of sections 229 and 232, we think it is well demonstrated that the difference between the two was made for the sole purpose of avoiding a discrimination against foreign corporations. The committee on corporations reported to the convention section 229 as it now appears in our Constitution, and section 232, as reported, contained the words "in proportion to the amount of its capital stock." An amendment was offered by Mr. Kyle, changing the words as italicized so as to read, "shall be based on the actual amount of capital employed in this state." In support of this amendment Mr. Kyle, among other things, said:

"For instance, take the Tennessee Coal & Iron Co. They have a capitalization of $30,000,000. They have large property in Tennessee as well as in Alabama. Therefore it should not be required of them, or any other corporation of like character, to pay its franchise tax upon property they own in other states. Take the Southern Iron & Foundry Company. They have a capitalization of $600,000 and own a small plant in this state. The main plant is in Tennessee. This amendment would reach all the capital they had in use in Alabama, but they would not have to pay upon the entire capital stock. The Western Union Telegraph Company, with $80,000,000 capital, would have to pay on the capital of $80,000,000 instead of what she has in this state. So this reaches the matter and makes it the property in possession of the state. The committee will accept that I hope."

The section as amended was then adopted. Of course, this court is not bound by the debates of the constitutional convention, but they are often looked to, and the one in question is very persuasive that the framers of our organic law did not intend to discriminate against foreign corporations as to a franchise tax and adopted the foregoing amendment to section 232 for the sole purpose of avoiding a discrimination by fixing the basis for the franchise tax upon the amount of property actually employed in this state. We therefor hold that the act does not, upon the surface, or when taken in connection with the history of the sections of the Constitution, under which it was framed, show a discrimination against foreign corporations. We are not unmindful of the rule of the United States Supreme Court that in determining the validity of a statute it will not be confined to form, but will go to the substance of the act and condemn it, if in the ordinary enforcement and operation thereof it results in a violation of the Constitution, though unobjectionable in form, but we are unable to see how the enforcement of this act can operate as an arbitrary discrimination against the class to which this appellant belongs. There can be little or no discrimination between domestic and foreign corporations in the general and ordinary operation of our statute. Of course there may be instances when the burden will fall heavier on the one than the other, in case a foreign and a domestic corporation may be both under capitalized, as well as rare cases when the burden may fall heavier upon a domestic corporation which is overcapitalized; but in dealing with the vitality of our statutes, and especially when it also involves the life of certain sections of our organic law, we must measure them by general conditions rather than obsolete or exceptional instances. We repeat that the distinction made between domestic and foreign corporations in arriving at the amount of the franchise tax respectively was intended as an equitable and just method of doing so, and for the obvious purpose of avoiding an unjust and arbitrary discrimination against the class to which this appellant belongs.

We are not impressed with the suggestion of appellant's counsel that the act in question violates sections 214 and 217 of our state Constitution. In the first place, it is a franchise and not a property tax, and the fact that the amount, as to foreign corporations, is ascertainable proportionate to the amount of property actually employed within the jurisdiction of the state of Alabama does not convert it into a direct or ad valorem tax as dealt with in sections 214 and 217. Moreover, if such was not the case, the act is an exact copy, in part, of section 232 of the Constitution, and which said section should be...