Lowe v. State

• Decision Date: 17 July 1973
• Docket Number: No. 672S83,672S83
• Parties: Thad Douglas LOWE, Appellant, v. STATE of Indiana, Appellee.
• Court: Indiana Supreme Court

Page 421

298 N.E.2d 421

260 Ind. 610

Thad Douglas LOWE, Appellant, v. STATE of Indiana, Appellee.

No. 672S83.

Supreme Court of Indiana.

July 17, 1973.

Jack G. Willard, Gary, for appellant.

Theodore L. Sendak, Atty. Gen., John McArdle, Deputy Atty. Gen., Indianapolis, for appellee.

ARTERBURN, Chief Justice.

This is an appeal from a conviction on charges of robbery and kidnapping which were brought by affidavit in the Lake Criminal Court. The appellant entered a plea of not guilty and trial was had before a jury, which, after the close of all the evidence, returned verdicts of guilty as to both counts. Thereafter, the trial court entered judgment and sentenced the Appellant to imprisonment for a period of from ten (10) to twenty-five (25) years for the offense of robbery and to life imprisonment in the Indiana State Prison for the offense of kidnapping. The Appellant filed a Belated Motion to Correct Errors and it is from the denial of that motion that this appeal is prosecuted. The evidence most favorable to the state discloses the following facts.

The prosecuting witness, Danny Lee Tischer, was the attendant at a Clark Oil service station in the early morning hours of August 3, 1970. He sold fifty cents worth of gasoline to two men in a white/lavender 1960 Buick at about 1:00 a.m. Again, about one half hour later, they returned a second time. He identified the defendant as having been one of the men in the car on those occasions and gave the license number of the vehicle. The attendant notified the Gary Police Department concerning this unusual behavior and he spoke with an officer about the matter at the service station. At approximately 2:20 a.m., the Appellant and his companion returned a third time to the service station in the same car. The attendant identified the automobile by color, make, and license number to the same vehicle as had earlier driven into the station. He also positively identified the defendant as having threatened him at this time with a sawed-off shotgun and as having ordered him into the car. Tischer was driven some distance from the station at gunpoint, was robbed and then released from the car. The defendant was subsequently apprehended by police officers while driving a white/leavender 1960 Buick with an identical license plate number on August 9, 1970.

On appeal, the Appellant raises but one issue--whether he was adequately represented at trial by his trial counsel. This court has recently had occasion to outline the standards to be applied in cases where the inadequacy of representation is alleged. Blackburn v. State (1973), Ind.,291 N.E.2d 686. That case holds that 'there is a presumption that an attorney has discharged his duty fully, and it requires strong and convincing proof to overcome that presumption.' Id. at 696. Robbins v. State (1971), Ind., 274 N.E.2d 255; Isaac v. State (1971), Ind., 274 N.E.2d 231; Shuemak v. State (1970), 254 Ind. 117, 258 N.E.2d 158; Schmittler v. State (1950), 228 Ind. 450, 93 N.E.2d 184.

In the case before us, appellate counsel invites us to review the record of the proceedings below to determine whether defense counsel properly cross-examined the various witnesses, particularly the prosecuting witness, whose testimony was the most damaging to the Appellant. Appellant's brief is replete with assertions of inadequate cross-examination in that regard, but nowhere does he point out what could have been established had the cross-examination been different. In fact, having reviewed the transcript in its entirety, we are constrained to wonder in what why the cross-examination was insufficient. It is true that defense counsel did not ask all the questions he could have asked, and did not explore all the details as minutely as is conceivable. Yet, he did attempt to test the recall and veracity of the prosecuting witnesses. The mere fact that another attorney might have conducted the defense differently is not sufficient to require reversal. 'Isolated poor strategy, bad tactics, a mistake, carelessness, or inexperience does not necessarily amount to ineffective counsel unless, taken as a whole, the trial was a mockery of justice.' Blackburn v. State (1973), Ind., 291 N.E.2d 686, 696, citing U.S. v. Cariola (N.J.1962) 211 F.Supp. 423. See also, Hendrickson v. State (1954), 233 Ind. 341, 118 N.E.2d 493. In the case at bar, just as in Blackburn, supra, the Appellant's own citations of authority establish that a reviewing court should look to the 'totality of the circumstances' to determine whether or not trial counsel was competent, and ought not second guess matters of judgment, trial strategy or even mistakes. A poor result alone cannot amount to a...