Lowry Federal Credit Union v. West

• Decision Date: 18 August 1989
• Docket Number: No. 89-1050,89-1050
• Citation: 882 F.2d 1543
• Parties: , 19 Bankr.Ct.Dec. 1205, Bankr. L. Rep. P 73,062 LOWRY FEDERAL CREDIT UNION, Creditor-Appellant, v. James Dale WEST and Sharon Kay West, Debtors-Appellees.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Tenth Circuit

Page 1543

882 F.2d 1543

58 USLW 2134, 19 Bankr.Ct.Dec. 1205,

Bankr. L. Rep. P 73,062

LOWRY FEDERAL CREDIT UNION, Creditor-Appellant, v. James Dale WEST and Sharon Kay West, Debtors-Appellees.

No. 89-1050.

United States Court of Appeals Tenth Circuit.

Aug. 18, 1989.

Barry Meinster, and Ann Gail Meinster, of Meinster and Brown, P.C., Denver, Colo., for creditor-appellant.

Bryan A. Nix, Denver, Colo., for debtors-appellees.

Before MOORE, ANDERSON, and BRORBY, Circuit Judges.

JOHN P. MOORE, Circuit Judge.

After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist the determination of this appeal. See Fed.R.App.P. 34(a); 10th Cir.R. 34.1.9. The cause is therefore ordered submitted without oral argument.

This is an appeal from a ruling of the district court sitting as an appellate court in bankruptcy. The question presented is whether the debtors' failure to comply with the mandatory requirements of 11 U.S.C. Sec. 521(2) gives a secured creditor an automatic and conclusive right to repossess collateral. A secondary question is whether a bankruptcy court can permit debtors to retain the collateral upon performance of certain conditions even though the debtors have neither redeemed the collateral nor reaffirmed the debt for which the collateral provides security. We conclude the debtors' failure to file the notice of the election required by Sec. 521(2)(A) does not result in an automatic benefit to the creditor. We also conclude, under the facts of this case, the bankruptcy court acted within its discretionary authority to permit the debtors to retain the collateral without either redeeming or reaffirming. We therefore affirm the judgment of the district court.

The debtors, James and Sharon West, purchased a pickup truck with funds loaned to them by the creditor, Lowry Federal Credit Union. To secure the loan, the debtors executed a security agreement conveying to Lowry a security interest in the vehicle. The agreement called for monthly payments of $342 and required the debtors to maintain insurance coverage on the truck. The agreement also contained a clause that stated a default in the obligation would occur "if something happens which significantly reduces the credit union's ability to realize on any property you have given as security."

Approximately fourteen months later, debtors filed a petition for relief under Chapter 7 of the Bankruptcy Code. At the time of the filing, and, subsequently, the debtors were and have been current on their payments. They also have maintained adequate insurance on the vehicle.

Lowry demanded debtors either reaffirm the debt or redeem the collateral and threatened to repossess the vehicle. Because they did not believe the debt to be in default, debtors filed in the bankruptcy court a complaint for declaratory judgment and injunctive relief. The bankruptcy court agreed the debtors were not in default under the terms of the security agreement; consequently, the court held the debtors could not be forced to relinquish possession of the collateral. Moreover, the court concluded the debtors' discharge in bankruptcy did not put the creditor at risk sufficient to invoke the default clause in the security agreement. ¹ In addition, the bankruptcy court enjoined Lowry from repossessing the vehicle so long as the debtors "remain current on the payments, provide adequate insurance, and are not otherwise in default of their contractual obligations." On appeal, the district court affirmed, 101 B.R. 648, and Lowry appealed to this court.

At issue here is whether, as a condition of retaining possession of property, a debtor must redeem collateral or reaffirm a debt even though all obligations owed on that debt by the debtor are current. The genesis of the issue lies within 11 U.S.C. Sec. 521(2)(A) & (B).

As part of the duties required of a bankruptcy debtor, Sec. 521(2)(A) mandates the debtor "shall file with the clerk a statement of his intention with respect to the retention ... of [secured] property, and, if applicable, ... that the debtor intends to redeem such property, or that the debtor intends to reaffirm debts secured by such property." Within forty-five days of filing such a statement, "the debtor shall perform his intention with respect to such property." 11 U.S.C. Sec. 521(2)(B). In this case, debtors did not fully comply with Sec. 521(2). They merely declared they intended to retain their truck and did not state whether they would redeem or reaffirm, nor did they do either within the forty-five day period.

The creditor argues that the requirements of Sec. 521(2) are mandatory. That is obvious. There is no room within the direct language of the section to presume otherwise. ² The issue, however, is what are the consequences of the debtors' failure to comply? Neither party directly addresses that question.

Although Lowry presumes to the contrary, there is nothing within the text of Sec. 521 which suggests a creditor succeeds automatically to any rights as a consequence of the debtors' failure to comply with its mandatory directives. Indeed, only the trustee may take an interest in the property. When the debtor fails to comply with the Sec. 521(2) requirements, the trustee is vested by 11 U.S.C. Sec. 704(3) ³ with ensuring the debtor's compliance with Sec. 521(2). That responsibility, however, is not coupled with any power of enforcement. In short, there is a gap between the trustee's duty to obtain compliance and the trustee's power to enforce that duty because Congress provided neither a penalty for a debtor's failure to comply with Sec. 521(2) ⁴ nor a specific remedy for a creditor as a consequence of such a failure.

We therefore conclude debtors' failure to comply fully with Sec. 521(2) does not give a secured creditor an automatic right to repossess collateral. The creditor's right to demand redemption or reaffirmation is neither enhanced nor diminished because of that failure.

The next question is whether 11 U.S.C. Sec. 521 must be read to limit a debtor's right to retain possession of collateral to redemption or reaffirmation. While a debtor may redeem property, subject to 11 U.S.C. Sec. 722, or reaffirm a debt, subject to 11 U.S.C. Sec. 524(c)(4), nothing within the Code makes either course exclusive. We, therefore, cannot conclude the bankruptcy court acted without jurisdiction in this case.

This conclusion leaves for resolution Lowry's argument that the obligation is in default because of the terms of the so-called "ipso facto" clause in the loan agreement. Lowry argues that the parties have agreed that the mere filing of a bankruptcy petition results in the debtors' default, and allowing them to keep their truck is not only contrary to the terms of the agreement but also prejudicial to Lowry's financial interest. We disagree. ⁵

We are in accord with the district and bankruptcy courts that the mere filing of the petition has not put Lowry in any more jeopardy than that which existed prior to the filing of the petition. Lowry did not introduce any evidence of actual prejudice but merely relied upon speculative arguments over dreadful possibilities that may result if the debtors fail to exercise proper care of the truck or ultimately fail to pay....