Lucas v. American Mfg. Co.
| Decision Date | 10 November 1980 |
| Docket Number | No. 79-3749,79-3749 |
| Citation | 630 F.2d 291 |
| Parties | Donald E. LUCAS, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. AMERICAN MANUFACTURING CO., a corporation, et al., Defendants, American Manufacturing Co., Defendant-Appellee. Summary Calendar. |
| Court | U.S. Court of Appeals — Fifth Circuit |
Diamond, Lattof, Gardner, Pate & Peters, Christopher E. Peters, Stephen J. Flynn, Mobile, Ala., for plaintiff-appellant.
Johnston, Johnston & Kendall, James Crowell Johnston, William E. Johnston, Mobile, Ala., for defendant-appellee.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Southern District of Alabama.
Before RONEY, KRAVITCH and TATE, Circuit Judges.
The issue in this case is whether a jury verdict in favor of plaintiff-appellant Donald Lucas should be set aside because of inadequacy of damages. Because we find that the trial court abused its discretion in refusing to grant a new trial, we reverse and remand for a new trial on all issues.
Plaintiff was injured at work when, in attempting to repair a bag banding machine, his head became caught in the mechanism. He brought a diversity suit in federal court against appellee American Manufacturing Company, the manufacturer of the machine, under three theories: (1) breach of warranty; 1 (2) negligence; and (3) the Alabama Extended Manufacturer's Liability Doctrine. Lucas sought pain and suffering damages for personal injuries, including impaired hearing and the loss of four teeth, as well as medical expenses, lost earnings, and diminished earning capacity. Before trial, the defendant stipulated that the plaintiff incurred $5,748.74 in medical expenses 2 and $2,753.56 in lost earnings as a result of his injuries. The jury returned a verdict for plaintiff in the amount of $3,500. Plaintiff moved for a new trial on the issue of damages, or, in the alternative, a new trial. 3
One of the grounds asserted by plaintiff in his motion for new trial was that the trial judge improperly coerced a hasty verdict. After a three-day trial, this jury retired to deliberate on the morning of the day that Hurricane Frederick was expected to strike Mobile. Plaintiff claims the judge notified counsel that he had informed the jury, immediately after it had retired, that due to the impending approach of the hurricane, it must reach a verdict within fifteen minutes or return at a later date. The jury responded by requesting an additional thirty minutes in which to deliberate, and, in fact, returned a verdict within forty-five minutes. Although the trial transcript does not indicate any communications by the judge to the jury during its deliberations, it does reveal that, after the jury returned its verdict, the judge urged the jurors to hurry home "before you get blown away." In its brief defendant neither corroborates nor denies plaintiff's account of the judge's communication to the jury; it does concede that the jury was aware of the approaching hurricane and as a consequence reached an unduly quick verdict.
Federal trial courts may, in their discretion, set aside a jury verdict and order a new trial if the amount of the verdict is excessive or inadequate. Fed.R.Civ.P. 59. See, e. g., Parker v. Wideman, 380 F.2d 433 (5th Cir. 1967); Ries v. Sanders, 34 F.R.D. 468 (D.Miss.1964). Appellate review of a trial court's ruling on a motion for new trial is very limited; we may reverse only for abuse of discretion. Silverman v. Traveler Ins. Co., 277 F.2d 257 (5th Cir. 1960).
In Davis v. Becker & Associates, Inc., 608 F.2d 621 (5th Cir. 1979), a suit for personal injuries under the Jones Act, we held that the jury's failure to award damages for pain and suffering was not supported by the evidence, and accordingly ordered a new trial on the issue of damages only. In a special verdict the jury found that defendant negligently caused plaintiff's injuries, and that plaintiff was due over $20,000 in lost past and future earnings. In response to an interrogatory concerning the amount due plaintiff for his pain and suffering, however, the jury answered "$0". We concluded that the award of "0" damages for pain and suffering could not be reconciled with the jury's finding of liability and the award of lost wages.
In the present case we are confronted with a similar inconsistency. Once the jury found the defendant liable for plaintiff's injuries, plaintiff was entitled to compensation. The defendant stipulated before trial that the plaintiff had incurred $8,503 in expenses as a result of his injuries; the verdict, however, was less than half of Lucas' stipulated out-of-pocket losses and reflected no award for pain and suffering. We find no evidentiary basis for the jury's award of only $3,500.
We need not decide whether the inadequacy of damages standing alone would compel reversal. We conclude that the extraordinary circumstances surrounding the jury's deliberations, when considered along with the obvious inadequacy of the verdict, require that this verdict be set aside. We are mindful that, in the light of the seventh amendment, an appellate court should proceed cautiously when asked to set aside a jury's verdict, but in this case we find that the attempt by the trial court to secure a quick verdict prevented fair and thoughtful deliberation by the jury. The imminence of the hurricane might very well have required that the jury be sent home that morning; concern for the jurors' well-being, however, does not excuse the court's efforts to coerce a verdict. 4 The jurors could easily have been excused that morning with instructions to return in a day or two to finish their deliberations. If the hurricane prevented their safe return to court within a reasonable time, a mistrial would have been proper. Accordingly, in the light of the judge's communications to the jury and the lack of evidence to support the verdict, we find that the trial court abused its discretion in failing to order a new trial. 5
Appellee argues that if we order a new trial, it should be on all of the issues, and not just damages. It contends that if the approaching hurricane and the judge's communications infected the jury's deliberations on the issue of damages, then its finding of...
To continue reading
Request your trial
-
Herceg v. Hustler Magazine, Inc.
...103 S.Ct. 2108, 77 L.Ed.2d 313 (1983); Weingart v. Allen & O'Hara, Inc., 654 F.2d 1096, 1106 (5th Cir.1981); Lucas v. American Manufacturing Co., 630 F.2d 291, 294 (5th Cir.1980).40 See, e.g., Gilbert v. Medical Economics Co., 665 F.2d 305, 310 (10th Cir.1981); System Operations v. Scientif......
-
Burger King Corp. v. Mason
...an abuse of that discretion. See, e.g., Franks v. Associated Air Center, Inc., 663 F.2d 583, 586 (5th Cir.1981); Lucas v. American Manufacturing Co., 630 F.2d 291 (5th Cir.1980); 2 Young v. International Paper Co., 322 F.2d 820, 822 (4th It is axiomatic, however, that a partial new trial ma......
-
Davis v. Armacost
..."Please continue to review the evidence again, try to reach a verdict and report back to me in one hour."); Lucas v. American Mfg. Co. , 630 F.2d 291, 293 (5th Cir. 1980) (advising jury that due to impending hurricane it must reach verdict within fifteen minutes was coercive). See also U.S.......
-
Armacost v. Davis
...on the jury in this case, Dr. Davis relies on several other cases bearing little resemblance to this case. See Lucas v. American Mfg. Co ., 630 F.2d 291 (5th Cir. 1980) (jury reached apparent compromise verdict inconsistent with the evidence after the judge instructed it to reach a verdict ......