Lucas v. McKeithen, 95-30877
| Decision Date | 24 December 1996 |
| Docket Number | No. 95-30877,95-30877 |
| Citation | 102 F.3d 171 |
| Parties | , 114 Ed. Law Rep. 793 Robert LUCAS, et al., Plaintiffs, and Reginald B. Ware, Sr.; Jesse Carroll Knight, Sr., Reverend, Plaintiffs-Appellees, v. Fox McKEITHEN; Richard Ieyoub; Edwin Edwards; East Carroll Parish School Board; Bossier Parish School Board; DeSoto Parish School Board; Iberville Parish School Board; St. Mary Parish School Board; West Carroll Parish School Board; all Defendants, Defendants, v. Reynold MINSKY; Jack Hamilton; Grady Brown; Amos Amacker, II; Harvey Howington; Lonnie Batton; James Thom, IV; Thomas Parker; Charles Crawford, Movants-Appellants. Summary Calendar. |
| Court | U.S. Court of Appeals — Fifth Circuit |
John W. Borkowski, Hogan & Hartson, New Orleans, LA, Brenda Allison Wright, Samuel L. Walters, Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, Washington, DC, for plaintiffs-appellees.
Sheri Marcus Morris, Deputy General Counsel, Office of the Secretary of State, for the State of Louisiana, Baton Rouge, LA, for Fox McKeithen, defendant.
Angie Rogers LaPlace, Office of the Attorney General for the State of Louisiana, Baton Rouge, LA, for Richard Ieyoub, defendant.
James David Caldwell, Michael E. Lancaster, Tallulah, LA, for East Carroll Parish School Board, defendant.
James J. Thornton, Jr., Shreveport, LA, for Bossier Parish School Board, defendant.
Paul Loy Hurd, Monroe, LA, for movants-appellants.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Middle District of Louisiana.
Before POLITZ, Chief Judge, and JOLLY and DeMOSS, Circuit Judges.
Reynold Minsky, Jack Hamilton, Grady Brown, Amos Amacker II, Harvey Howington, James Thom IV, Thomas Parker, Lonnie Batton, and Charles Crawford appeal the district court's denial of their motion to intervene as of right and motion for permissive intervention. We affirm the denial of intervention as of right and dismiss the appeal of the permissive intervention ruling.
In July 1994 a group of African-American voters brought this action against the school boards of East Carroll Parish, Iberville Parish, Bossier Parish, DeSoto Parish, St. Mary Parish, and West Carroll Parish, as well as the Secretary of State, the Attorney General, and the Governor of the State of Louisiana, seeking compliance with the Voting Rights Act of 1965 1 and the fourteenth amendment's one person, one vote guaranty. The plaintiffs promptly moved the district court to adopt an interim redistricting plan for each defendant parish for the fall 1994 school board elections. During a hearing in August 1994, the plaintiffs offered interim plans that met federal requirements but split some election precincts. East Carroll Parish School Board submitted an alternative, Plan 6, which did not call for precinct splitting. 2 The state defendants objected to plaintiffs' plans because state law generally prohibits the splitting of precincts. 3
On August 16, 1994 the district court approved an election plan for St. Mary Parish that split precincts, but did not adopt the plaintiffs' plan for East Carroll Parish. Rather, on August 23, 1994, the district court adopted Plan 6 as an interim plan for East Carroll Parish so that elections could proceed, but ordered the East Carroll Parish School Board to adopt, after the elections, a permanent reapportionment plan that complied with the Constitution and the Voting Rights Act.
Elections were held under Plan 6 in the fall of 1994. After public hearings, in January 1995 the newly elected school board adopted a permanent redistricting plan, Plan L. Plan L provides for the splitting of some existing parish precincts.
The Department of Justice precleared Plan L in May 1995. The plaintiffs then moved the district court to schedule elections under Plan L for the fall of 1995. The state defendants objected to Plan L because: (1) the hand-drawn maps and manually calculated statistics provided by the School Board were inadequate for the state defendants to ascertain precisely the location of the district lines; and (2) because Plan L called for the splitting of precincts. Because of these objections the district court withheld ruling on the plaintiffs' motion and ordered them to assist the state in interpreting the School Board's material. The plaintiffs complied and assisted in the preparation of computerized maps. The state agreed that the materials were sufficient to ascertain the voting lines and the School Board resubmitted the material to the Department of Justice, which issued a no-objection letter on August 14, 1995.
On July 27, 1995 appellants, a group of white voters in East Carroll Parish, sought to intervene to challenge Plan L largely because it called for splitting some precincts. After a hearing the district court denied the motion as untimely and scheduled the elections. The proposed intervenors then filed a second motion to intervene claiming that it was timely because the computerized maps had been sent recently to the Department of Justice to confirm section 5 preclearance. 4 The district court again denied the motion. The proposed intervenors timely appealed.
The denial of a motion to intervene as of right is an appealable final order under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. 5 We have only provisional appellate jurisdiction to review the denial of a motion for permissive intervention. 6
Intervention is governed by Rule 24 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. A non-party seeking to intervene has available two avenues under this Rule: section (a) provides for intervention as of right and section (b) provides for permissive intervention. The proposed intervenors moved for both intervention as of right and permissive intervention. We review the district court's decision concerning the former de novo and the latter for a clear abuse of discretion. 7
A motion to intervene must be timely. 8 We review a district court's timeliness determination for an abuse of discretion. 9 Timeliness is to be determined from all of the circumstances. There are four pertinent...
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